{"id":127,"date":"2010-01-28T11:55:43","date_gmt":"2010-01-28T15:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=123"},"modified":"2010-01-28T11:55:43","modified_gmt":"2010-01-28T15:55:43","slug":"clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-san-aimsir-chaite-indirect-relative-clauses-in-the-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-san-aimsir-chaite-indirect-relative-clauses-in-the-past-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta Neamhdh\u00edreacha san Aimsir Chaite: Indirect Relative Clauses in the Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"

Now that we\u2019ve seen the indirect relative clauses in the present tense, let\u2019s look at similar sentences in the past tense.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

If that sounds like a bolgam m\u00f3r gramada\u00ed<\/strong>, you\u2019re right.\u00a0 <\/span>But I think it\u2019s the only way to really get to the heart of the matter regarding relative clauses.\u00a0 <\/span>Today, we\u2019ll look further at the verb \u201cto be\u201d and also a couple of regular verbs.\u00a0 <\/span>Eventually we\u2019ll work our way through the other ten irregular verbs Irish has, and move on to the future tense and na foirmeacha di\u00faltacha.\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c<\/strong>The good news?\u201d you might ask, plea, beg, or cajole.\u00a0 <\/span>As we work through in the next few blogs, we\u2019ll also stop for some fun stuff, like L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile Br\u00edde<\/strong>, L\u00e1 an \u00daitsigh (i Meirice\u00e1),<\/strong> and L\u00e1 Vailint\u00edn.\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Maybe even L\u00e1 na nUachtar\u00e1n (i Meirice\u00e1 freisin),<\/strong> if the excruciating detail continues to excruciate past the middle of Feabhra.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

First we\u2019ll look at the verb \u201cto be,\u201d using its \u201craibh<\/strong>\u201d form (not \u201cbh\u00ed<\/strong>\u201d).\u00a0 <\/span>You may remember the pattern: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir l\u00e1ithreach: T\u00e1 an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.\u00a0 <\/span>An bhfuil an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1?\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00e1, t\u00e1 an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(The day is fine.\u00a0 <\/span>is the day fine?\u00a0 <\/span>Yes, the day is fine).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir chaite: Bh\u00ed<\/em> an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.\u00a0 <\/span>An raibh<\/em> an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1?\u00a0 <\/span>Bh\u00ed, bh\u00ed an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>(The day was fine.\u00a0 <\/span>Was the day fine?\u00a0 <\/span>Yes, the day was fine).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The \u201craibh\u201d <\/strong>and \u201cbhfuil\u201d <\/strong>forms of the verbs \u201cbh\u00ed\u201d <\/strong>and \u201ct\u00e1\u201d <\/strong>are called the \u201cdependent forms.\u201d\u00a0 <\/span>They are used in certain types of questions and also in indirect relative clauses.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Remember the last blog\u2019s examples:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sin \u00e9 an fear at\u00e1 tinn.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>That is the man who is ill.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfuil a mhac tinn.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>That is the man whose son is ill.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Let\u2019s look at that in the past tense:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sin \u00e9 an fear a bh\u00ed tinn.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>That is the man who was sick. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sin \u00e9 an fear a raibh a mhac tinn.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>That is the man whose son was sick.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

So, we\u2019ve started with the verb \u201cto be,\u201d since it\u2019s so widely used.\u00a0 <\/span>However, the irregularity of this verb \u201cto be\u201d somewhat disguises the pattern of what\u2019s actually happening.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

If we look at our regular verbs (bris, t\u00f3g<\/strong>), the pattern will be clearer.\u00a0 <\/span>The particle \u201car<\/strong>\u201d (not \u201ca<\/strong>\u201d) is used before the regulars, and it is followed by lenition:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bhris an fear an fhuinneog.\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhris an fhuinneog.\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an fear ar bhris a mhac an fhuinneog.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>(The man broke the window.\u00a0 <\/span>Direct:<\/em> That\u2019s the man who broke the window.\u00a0 <\/span>Indirect:<\/em> That\u2019s the man whose son broke the window).\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f3g an sl\u00edbh\u00edn an t-airgead.\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an sl\u00edbh\u00edn a th\u00f3g an t-airgead.\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an sl\u00edbh\u00edn ar th\u00f3g a mhac an t-airgead<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

These forms with \u201car<\/strong>\u201d might look familiar.\u00a0 <\/span>If so, that\u2019s because they look like the forms you\u2019d use to ask questions in the past tense (Ar bhris s\u00e9 an fhuinneog?\u00a0 <\/span>Ar th\u00f3g an sl\u00edbh\u00edn an t-airgead?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bhuel, sin \u00e9 don bhlag seo<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/span>Hard to make much of a cliffhanger ending to irregular verbs in indirect relative clauses!\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Now that we\u2019ve seen the indirect relative clauses in the present tense, let\u2019s look at similar sentences in the past tense.\u00a0 \u00a0 If that sounds like a bolgam m\u00f3r gramada\u00ed, you\u2019re right.\u00a0 But I think it\u2019s the only way to really get to the heart of the matter regarding relative clauses.\u00a0 Today, we\u2019ll look further…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}