{"id":127,"date":"2010-01-28T11:55:43","date_gmt":"2010-01-28T15:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=123"},"modified":"2010-01-28T11:55:43","modified_gmt":"2010-01-28T15:55:43","slug":"clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-san-aimsir-chaite-indirect-relative-clauses-in-the-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-san-aimsir-chaite-indirect-relative-clauses-in-the-past-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta Neamhdh\u00edreacha san Aimsir Chaite: Indirect Relative Clauses in the Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Now that we\u2019ve seen the indirect relative clauses in the present tense, let\u2019s look at similar sentences in the past tense.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">If that sounds like a <strong>bolgam m\u00f3r gramada\u00ed<\/strong>, you\u2019re right.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>But I think it\u2019s the only way to really get to the heart of the matter regarding relative clauses.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Today, we\u2019ll look further at the verb \u201cto be\u201d and also a couple of regular verbs.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Eventually we\u2019ll work our way through the other ten irregular verbs Irish has, and move on to the future tense and <strong>na foirmeacha di\u00faltacha.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u201c<\/strong>The good news?\u201d you might ask, plea, beg, or cajole.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>As we work through in the next few blogs, we\u2019ll also stop for some fun stuff, like <strong>L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile Br\u00edde<\/strong>, <strong>L\u00e1 an \u00daitsigh (i Meirice\u00e1),<\/strong> and <strong>L\u00e1 Vailint\u00edn.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>Maybe even <strong>L\u00e1 na nUachtar\u00e1n (i Meirice\u00e1 freisin),<\/strong> if the excruciating detail continues to excruciate past the middle of <strong>Feabhra.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">First we\u2019ll look at the verb \u201cto be,\u201d using its \u201c<strong>raibh<\/strong>\u201d form (not \u201c<strong>bh\u00ed<\/strong>\u201d).<span>\u00a0 <\/span>You may remember the pattern: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Aimsir l\u00e1ithreach: T\u00e1 an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>An bhfuil an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1?<span>\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00e1, t\u00e1 an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">(The day is fine.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>is the day fine?<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Yes, the day is fine).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Aimsir chaite: <em>Bh\u00ed<\/em> an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>An <em>raibh<\/em> an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1?<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Bh\u00ed, bh\u00ed an l\u00e1 go bre\u00e1.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>(The day was fine.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Was the day fine?<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Yes, the day was fine).<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">The <strong>\u201craibh\u201d <\/strong>and<strong> \u201cbhfuil\u201d <\/strong>forms of the verbs<strong> \u201cbh\u00ed\u201d <\/strong>and<strong> \u201ct\u00e1\u201d <\/strong>are called the \u201cdependent forms.\u201d<span>\u00a0 <\/span>They are used in certain types of questions and also in indirect relative clauses.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Remember the last blog\u2019s examples:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Sin \u00e9 an fear at\u00e1 tinn.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">That is the man who is ill.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfuil a mhac tinn.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">That is the man whose son is ill.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">Let\u2019s look at that in the past tense:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Sin \u00e9 an fear a bh\u00ed tinn.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>That is the man who was sick. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Sin \u00e9 an fear a raibh a mhac tinn.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>That is the man whose son was sick.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">So, we\u2019ve started with the verb \u201cto be,\u201d since it\u2019s so widely used.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>However, the irregularity of this verb \u201cto be\u201d somewhat disguises the pattern of what\u2019s actually happening.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">If we look at our regular verbs (<strong>bris, t\u00f3g<\/strong>), the pattern will be clearer.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>The particle \u201c<strong>ar<\/strong>\u201d (not \u201c<strong>a<\/strong>\u201d) is used before the regulars, and it is followed by lenition:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Bhris an fear an fhuinneog.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhris an fhuinneog.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an fear ar bhris a mhac an fhuinneog.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">(The man broke the window.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><em>Direct:<\/em> That\u2019s the man who broke the window.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><em>Indirect:<\/em> That\u2019s the man whose son broke the window).<span>\u00a0 <\/span><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Th\u00f3g an sl\u00edbh\u00edn an t-airgead.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an sl\u00edbh\u00edn a th\u00f3g an t-airgead.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Sin \u00e9 an sl\u00edbh\u00edn ar th\u00f3g a mhac an t-airgead<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">.<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">These forms with \u201c<strong>ar<\/strong>\u201d might look familiar.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>If so, that\u2019s because they look like the forms you\u2019d use to ask questions in the past tense (<strong>Ar bhris s\u00e9 an fhuinneog?<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Ar th\u00f3g an sl\u00edbh\u00edn an t-airgead?<\/strong>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\"><span style=\"font-size: small\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\"><span style=\"font-size: small\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">Bhuel, sin \u00e9 don bhlag seo<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial\">.<span>\u00a0 <\/span>Hard to make much of a cliffhanger ending to irregular verbs in indirect relative clauses!<span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Now that we\u2019ve seen the indirect relative clauses in the present tense, let\u2019s look at similar sentences in the past tense.\u00a0 \u00a0 If that sounds like a bolgam m\u00f3r gramada\u00ed, you\u2019re right.\u00a0 But I think it\u2019s the only way to really get to the heart of the matter regarding relative clauses.\u00a0 Today, we\u2019ll look further&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-san-aimsir-chaite-indirect-relative-clauses-in-the-past-tense\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Now that we\u2019ve seen the indirect relative clauses in the present tense, let\u2019s look at similar sentences in the past tense. 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If that sounds like a bolgam m\\u00f3r gramada\\u00ed, you\\u2019re right. But I think it\\u2019s the only way to really get to the heart of the matter regarding relative clauses. 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