{"id":137,"date":"2010-02-26T11:30:22","date_gmt":"2010-02-26T15:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=133"},"modified":"2016-10-03T14:02:18","modified_gmt":"2016-10-03T14:02:18","slug":"clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-redux-an-briathar-%e2%80%9cdean%e2%80%9d-and-about-8-more-briathra-neamhrialta-to-go","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/clasail-choibhneasta-neamhdhireacha-redux-an-briathar-%e2%80%9cdean%e2%80%9d-and-about-8-more-briathra-neamhrialta-to-go\/","title":{"rendered":"Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta Neamhdh\u00edreacha Redux: An Briathar \u201cd\u00e9an\u201d (and about 8 more briathra neamhrialta to go)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fail siar gasta ar an mbriathar \u201ca fheice\u00e1il\u201d agus na foirmeacha coibhneasta.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 If you don\u2019t remember the translations for these, please check back in the recent blogs. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir l\u00e1ithreach: Feicim an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 An bhfeiceann t\u00fa an bh\u00f3?\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a fheiceann an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfeiceann a mhac an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aimsir chaite: Chonaic s\u00e9 an bh\u00f3. \u00a0\u00a0An bhfaca s\u00e9 an bh\u00f3?\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a chonaic an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfaca a mhac an bh\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aimsir fh\u00e1istineach: <\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Feicfidh s\u00e9 an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 An bhfeicfidh s\u00e9 an bh\u00f3?\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a fheicfidh an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfeicfidh a mhac an bh\u00f3. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

And now the verb \u201cto make \/ to do\u201d in the present, past, and future tenses.\u00a0 You might recall its command form (d\u00e9an<\/span><\/strong>) and the verbal noun form (d\u00e9anamh<\/strong>).\u00a0 We\u2019ll keep to the bovine theme, but this time we\u2019ll take the topic a generation younger, to the calf (an lao<\/strong>).\u00a0 So we\u2019ll talk about making a muzzle (soc<\/strong>) for a calf.\u00a0 Next verb around, perhaps a more high-tech topic, but for today, \u201cslis\u00edn de shaol traidisi\u00fanta na tuaithe<\/strong>\u201d (a little slice of the traditional life of the countryside).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir l\u00e1ithreach: D\u00e9anann s\u00ed soc don lao.\u00a0 An nd\u00e9anann s\u00ed soc don lao?<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 (She makes a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 Does she make a muzzle for the calf?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Foirmeacha coibhneasta: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a dh\u00e9anann soc don lao.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0This is the woman who makes a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a nd\u00e9anann a hin\u00edon soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter makes a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir chaite<\/span><\/strong> (and this is where the verb \u201cd\u00e9an<\/strong>\u201d starts to look much more \u201cneamhrialta<\/strong>\u201d):<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rinne s\u00ed soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 An ndearna s\u00ed soc don lao<\/strong>?\u00a0 (She made a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 Did she make a muzzle for the calf?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a rinne soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman who made a muzzle for the calf. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a ndearna a hin\u00edon soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter made a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aimsir fh\u00e1istineach:\u00a0 D\u00e9anfaidh s\u00ed soc don lao.\u00a0 An nd\u00e9anfaidh s\u00ed soc don lao?<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 (She will make a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 Will she make a muzzle for the calf?)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a dh\u00e9anfaidh soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0This is the woman who will make a muzzle for the calf. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seo \u00ed an bhean a nd\u00e9anfaidh a hin\u00edon soc don lao<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter will make a muzzle for the calf.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

As you can see, we\u2019re applying the same process throughout: lenition (d -> dh) for the direct relative clause and eclipsis (d -> nd) for the indirect relative clause.\u00a0 And remember, also, all this is because Irish doesn\u2019t use a relative pronoun (who) or a relative possessive pronoun (whose) to create relative clauses, the way English does.\u00a0 It uses the particle \u201ca<\/strong>,\u201d which then triggers lenition or eclipsis according to the type of sentence.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Now that you\u2019ve suffered through conjugating the verb \u201cd\u00e9an<\/strong>\u201d in three tenses and embedding it in six relative clauses, here are some more fun terms using the noun \u201csoc<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0 Mostly these are just phrases \u2013 no conjugating, no clauses (Aillili\u00fa!<\/strong>), all just le haghaidh an chraic<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

soc<\/span><\/strong> (of a person): a beak nose or sharp snout.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

soc<\/span><\/strong> (of an animal): a muzzle or snout (curiously, when applied to people, the word implies beakiness or sharpness; when applied to animals, it\u2019s just a gn\u00e1thshoc<\/strong> [gnaw-hok] an ordinary snout). \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

soc<\/span><\/strong> (of a person\u2019s expression): a pout.\u00a0 We could use that to say \u201cBa ch\u00f3ir duit gan a bheith ag cur soic ort<\/strong>\u201d (You\u2019d better not pout), where \u201csoc<\/strong>\u201d is changed to the genitive case \u201csoic<\/strong>\u201d [sik].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

And, if you\u2019re willing to take the consequences, you can call someone a \u201csoc searbh<\/strong>\u201d (sourpuss), which is literally \u201csour snout.\u201d\u00a0 Interesting that the word \u201cpus<\/strong>\u201d in Irish has a similar meaning to \u201csoc<\/strong>,\u201d ranging from \u201ca protruding mouth,\u201d \u201ca pout,\u201d or \u201ca calf or dog\u2019s snout.\u201d\u00a0 So perhaps the word \u201csourpuss\u201d is one more example of how the Irish created slang!\u00a0 For pronunciation, do note that the Irish word \u201cpus<\/strong>\u201d has the same vowel sound as American English \u201cput\u201d or \u201cpudding,\u201d not the sound in \u201cputt,\u201d \u201ccustard,\u201d or the less savory but homographic English word, \u201cpus.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, if you were wondering about the quote from the February 17 blog, it was from the satiric classic novel, An B\u00e9al Bocht<\/em>.\u00a0 And, faraor<\/strong>, no one wrote in to tell me that they recognized it!\u00a0 <\/em>The two relative clauses were \u201cdon mhuintir a leanann sinn\u201d <\/span><\/strong>(for the people who follow us)<\/span><\/strong> and<\/span><\/strong> \u201cna <\/span><\/strong>dibheairseans<\/span><\/strong><\/em> agus na <\/span><\/strong>haidbhintiurs<\/span><\/strong><\/em> a bh\u00ed ann len\u00e1r linn\u201d <\/span><\/strong>(the diversions and adventures that were in it in our time,<\/span><\/strong> using \u201cthat\u201d here since diversions and adventures are inanimate, however animated they may have been).<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

I hope you enjoyed this, or at least found it <\/span><\/strong>\u00fas\u00e1ideach<\/span><\/strong>, since we still have the following verbs to deal with:<\/span><\/strong> \u00a0abair, beir, clois, faigh, ith, tabhair, tar, <\/span><\/strong>and<\/span><\/strong> t\u00e9igh.\u00a0 Nach maith an saol<\/span><\/strong> (Isn\u2019t life good)?\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 Sl\u00e1n go f\u00f3ill — R\u00f3isl\u00edn \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) S\u00fail siar gasta ar an mbriathar \u201ca fheice\u00e1il\u201d agus na foirmeacha coibhneasta.\u00a0 If you don\u2019t remember the translations for these, please check back in the recent blogs. \u00a0 Aimsir l\u00e1ithreach: Feicim an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 An bhfeiceann t\u00fa an bh\u00f3?\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a fheiceann an bh\u00f3.\u00a0 Sin \u00e9 an fear a bhfeiceann a…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=137"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8443,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/137\/revisions\/8443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}