{"id":1523,"date":"2011-12-18T12:38:41","date_gmt":"2011-12-18T12:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=1523"},"modified":"2016-12-03T08:54:17","modified_gmt":"2016-12-03T08:54:17","slug":"rudolf-an-reinfhia-%e2%80%93-redux-cuid-a-do-plus-prefixes-pronunciation-and-linguistic-precision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/rudolf-an-reinfhia-%e2%80%93-redux-cuid-a-do-plus-prefixes-pronunciation-and-linguistic-precision\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00fadolf an R\u00e9infhia \u2013 Redux (Cuid a D\u00f3, 2\/3), Plus Prefixes, Pronunciation and Linguistic Precision"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seo an dara chuid den leagan nua den cheisti\u00fach\u00e1n faoi R\u00fadolf (ceisteanna 11, 13, agus 14, agus na freagra\u00ed; beidh ceist 12 i mblag eile mar t\u00e1 s\u00ed fada).\u00a0 T\u00e1 gluais bheag agus n\u00edos m\u00f3 roghanna sna freagra\u00ed ann anois freisin. <\/strong>\u00a0The nasc <\/strong>for the original (2009) is https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/ceistiuchan-faoi-rudolf-an-reinfhia\/<\/a> and you\u2019ll find an ch\u00e9ad chuid<\/strong> (the first section) of the new version (2011) at https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/rudolf-an-reinfhia-%E2%80%93-redux-cuid-a-haon\/<\/a><\/p>\n

But before we continue, some pronunciation tips:<\/p>\n

First a reminder.\u00a0 What happens to the \u201cf\u201d of \u201c<\/strong>fia<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>(deer) when it becomes part of a compound word, like \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9infhia<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>?\u00a0 Our old friend s\u00e9imhi\u00fa<\/strong>!\u00a0 <\/strong>So the \u201cf\u201d becomes \u201cfh,\u201d which is silent.\u00a0 And that means that \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9infhia<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>is pronounced like \u201cRAYN-EE-uh\u201d and the plural, \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9infhianna<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>as \u201cRAYN-EE-uh-nuh.\u201d<\/p>\n

What\u2019s that \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9in<\/strong>-\u201c <\/strong>part anyway?\u00a0 It\u2019s not a normal Irish prefix, of which there are dozens, perhaps hundreds when you start including poetic and literary usages.\u00a0 Some of the more typical Irish prefixes are \u201c<\/strong>sean<\/strong>-\u201c (<\/strong>seanathair<\/strong>, <\/strong>grandfather), \u201c<\/strong>an<\/strong>-\u201c (<\/strong>an-chraic<\/strong>, <\/strong>great craic<\/em>), <\/strong>and \u201c<\/strong>droch<\/strong>-\u201c<\/strong> (drocho\u00edche<\/strong>, <\/strong>a bad night).<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/strong>R\u00e9in<\/strong>-,\u201d <\/strong>as such, isn\u2019t the Irish word for reins as one would use with a horse, which is \u201c<\/strong>srian<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>[SREE-un].\u00a0 And we may as well do a pronunciation note for that\u00a0before\u00a0<\/strong>we proceed, since it\u2019s a bit unusual.\u00a0 The \u201cs\u201d of \u201csrian\u201d <\/strong>is pronounced \u201cbroad,\u201d like the \u201cs\u201d in \u201c<\/strong>sr\u00e1id<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> or \u201c<\/strong>sr\u00f3n,<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>at least in Standard Irish (<\/strong>An Caighde\u00e1n<\/strong>).\u00a0 <\/strong>The broad pronunciation may seem surprising, because the adjacent vowel in the word \u201c<\/strong>srian<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> is \u201ci,\u201d which is \u201cslender\u201d in the Irish system (broad: a, o, u; slender: e, i).\u00a0 Slender \u201cs\u201d in Irish is pronounced like \u201csh\u201d in English, as in \u201c<\/strong>seanbhean<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>([shanvan], old woman), \u201c<\/strong>siopa<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong> ([SHOP-uh], a shop), or \u201c<\/strong>An Seanbhaile<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>(Shanbally, Co. Cork), or, for that matter, in \u201c<\/strong>Siceag\u00f3<\/strong>,\u201d <\/strong>the Irish spelling of \u201cChicago.\u201d\u00a0 The slender pronunciation is used with most consonant clusters (<\/strong>sl\u00ed<\/strong> [shlee]; scian<\/strong> [SHKEE-un], scr\u00edobh<\/strong> [shkreev], st\u00e9ig<\/strong> [shtayg]), but not with \u201csm,\u201d\u00a0 \u201csp,\u201d or \u201csr\u201d (smig<\/strong> [smig], sp\u00e9ir<\/strong> [spayrzh], sreang<\/strong> [srang]).<\/p>\n

This broad \u201csr\u201d sound is almost unknown in English, but it is exactly as one would expect, a hard \u201cs\u201d followed by an \u201cr.\u201d\u00a0 Perhaps like \u201cstreak\u201d or \u201cpastrami\u201d if you took away the \u201ct\u201d (an odd idea, I know, but there\u2019s not much choice).<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/strong>Srian<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>also means \u201cbridle,\u201d \u201crestraint,\u201d and \u201cfrenum,\u201d by the way.<\/p>\n

The \u201c<\/strong>r<\/strong>\u00e9<\/strong>in<\/strong>-\u201c <\/strong>prefix in Irish apparently is just a borrowing from the English \u201crein-,\u201d<\/strong> making \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9infhia<\/strong>\u201d <\/strong>a hybrid word, half Irish (<\/strong>fia<\/strong>, deer) and half English borrowing (rein-, adapted slightly as \u201c<\/strong>r\u00e9in<\/strong>-\u201c <\/strong>to fit Irish spelling conventions).\u00a0 Unless of course those manaigh \u00c9ireannacha san \u00cdoslainn<\/strong> in the Middle Ages actually came up with the term, but somehow, n\u00ed d\u00f3igh liom \u00e9.<\/strong>\u00a0 How did Iceland get into the mix?\u00a0 Read on!<\/p>\n

\u201cRein-\u201c <\/strong>isn\u2019t really a typical prefix in English either, is it? \u00a0Hmmm, sampla\u00ed ar bith eile ar chor ar bith?<\/strong>\u00a0 \u201cReinantelope\u201d \u2013 n\u00ed d\u00f3igh liom \u00e9<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Ah, as usual, a bit of etymology holds the key.\u00a0 Apparently this \u201crein-\u201c is from the Old Norse \u201chreinn<\/em>,\u201d which means \u201ca reindeer.\u201d\u00a0 So \u201creindeer\u201d really means \u201creindeer-deer,\u201d a little overdone semantically, but <<\/strong>searradh Gailleach<\/strong>>, <\/strong>not the first time (Shrimp scampi<\/em>, chai<\/em> tea, cheese quesadilla<\/em>, the Pont<\/em> Champlain Bridge, Picacho<\/em> Peak, etc., all examples of mixed-language tautologies).\u00a0 Precision and \u201cstreamlinedness\u201d (<\/strong>an focal \u00e9 sin?<\/strong>) <\/strong>isn\u2019t always the prime directive in human speech!\u00a0 So, the \u201crein-\u201c of \u201creindeer\u201d isn\u2019t related to the reins, traces, harnesses, or bridles, used to hitch Santa\u2019s flying reindeer to his sleigh.\u00a0 But maybe this linguistic \u201cpuntential\u201d helped inspire Clement Moore\u2019s original poem, \u201cA Visit from St. Nicholas.\u201d<\/p>\n

Actually, since reindeer are more associated with the far northern reaches of Cr\u00edoch<\/strong>\u00a0Lochlann<\/strong> (Scandinavia), than with Iceland (fad m’eolais<\/strong>), the “manach \u00c9ireannach<\/strong>” theory doesn’t really hold much water here. \u00a0But we do know that early Irish monks went to Iceland, and that there is some Icelandic influence on the Irish language, separate from the general Viking influence.<\/p>\n

Agus anois, na ceisteanna.\u00a0 Ar\u00eds, n\u00edl anseo ach 11, 13, agus 14 \u00f3n leagan bunaidh, mar t\u00e1 12 r\u00e9as\u00fanta fada \u2013 \u00e1bhar don ch\u00e9ad bhlag eile).<\/strong><\/p>\n

11. C\u00e9n f\u00e1th a raibh solas breise de dh\u00edth ar Dhaid\u00ed na Nollag?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>a) ceo\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>b) b\u00e1isteach\u00a0<\/strong>c) clocha sneachta\u00a0 d) s\u00edobadh sneachta<\/strong><\/p>\n

13. An raibh fearg ar na r\u00e9infhianna eile gur roghnaigh Daid\u00ed na Nollag R\u00fadolf?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>a) Bh\u00ed, agus bh\u00ed siad iontach mioscaiseach ina dhiaidh sin\u00a0\u00a0b) N\u00ed raibh, bh\u00ed siad go deas<\/strong><\/p>\n

14. An nd\u00e9anfar dearmad ar R\u00fadolf cho\u00edche?\u00a0\u00a0a) D\u00e9anfar\u00a0\u00a0b) n\u00ed dh\u00e9anfar, beidh cl\u00fa m\u00f3r air (\u00e9 ina “bhoc” m\u00f3r?)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anyway, sin cuid a d\u00f3 den cheisti\u00fach\u00e1n.\u00a0 T\u00e1 s\u00fail agam gur bhain t\u00fa sult as <\/strong>(enjoyed).\u00a0 Cuid a D\u00f3.\u00a0 <\/strong>Hmmm, so could we continue, Cuid a D\u00f3<\/strong> a deer? \u00a0On that drochimeartas focal <\/strong>note, sl\u00e1n go dt\u00ed an ch\u00e9ad bhlag eilit.\u00a0 \u00da\u00faps!\u00a0 \u201cEilit?\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0 That\u2019s the Irish for a \u201cdoe.\u201d\u00a0 Oh, dear!\u00a0 Should have said, \u201c<\/strong>Sl\u00e1n go dt\u00ed an ch\u00e9ad bhlag eile\u201d — R\u00f3isl\u00edn\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Freagra\u00ed: 11a, 13b, 14b (uimhir 12 i mblag eile)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gluais (in ord an t\u00e9acs, n\u00ed in ord na haib\u00edtre<\/strong><\/strong>): dara<\/strong>, second; Gailleach<\/strong>, Gallic, though it also means \u201cGaulish,\u201d which means we could be talking about a \u201cGaulish shrug\u201d!; searradh<\/strong>, shrug; breise<\/strong>, extra;\u00a0clocha sneachta<\/strong>, hail; s\u00edobadh sneachta<\/strong>, blizzard; roghnaigh<\/strong>, chose;\u00a0mioscaiseach<\/strong>, spiteful;\u00a0dearmad<\/strong>, forgetting, cl\u00fa<\/strong>, fame; boc<\/strong>, buck, fellow, boc m\u00f3r<\/strong>, bigwig; imeartas focal,<\/strong> word play, pun<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) Seo an dara chuid den leagan nua den cheisti\u00fach\u00e1n faoi R\u00fadolf (ceisteanna 11, 13, agus 14, agus na freagra\u00ed; beidh ceist 12 i mblag eile mar t\u00e1 s\u00ed fada).\u00a0 T\u00e1 gluais bheag agus n\u00edos m\u00f3 roghanna sna freagra\u00ed ann anois freisin. \u00a0The nasc for the original (2009) is https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/ceistiuchan-faoi-rudolf-an-reinfhia\/ and you\u2019ll find an…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[111697,6274,2418,11,11537,6595,6596,111690],"class_list":["post-1523","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language","tag-hreinn","tag-nollaig","tag-prefix","tag-pronunciation","tag-rein","tag-reindeer","tag-reinfhia","tag-rudolf"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1523"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8619,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1523\/revisions\/8619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}