{"id":231,"date":"2010-05-20T14:37:10","date_gmt":"2010-05-20T14:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=231"},"modified":"2016-10-03T13:54:06","modified_gmt":"2016-10-03T13:54:06","slug":"suil-siar-clasail-choibhneasta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/suil-siar-clasail-choibhneasta\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fail Siar: Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta"},"content":{"rendered":"

((le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

It\u2019s been a while since we dealt with the cl\u00e1sail choibhneasta<\/strong> (relative clauses), so I thought I\u2019d do a seisi\u00fan s\u00fail siar<\/strong> before we wrap up with the remaining irregular verbs.<\/p>\n

So here are some selections from the previous blogs.\u00a0 The verb slot has been left blank, to fill in, and freagra\u00ed<\/strong> are th\u00edos<\/strong> (below).\u00a0 The basic (declarative) form of the verb is given in parentheses; some will require lenition, some eclipsis, and some will have no change.\u00a0 Remember the basic set-up:<\/p>\n

a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Direct relative clauses<\/em> are used when the subject of the main clause is also the subject of the relative clause, as in English: This is the man who<\/em> drove the car.\u00a0 They\u2019re also used when the subject of the main clause is the object of the relative clause: This is the car that <\/em>the man drove.\u00a0 I haven\u2019t emphasized this second usage (direct object), since there\u2019s been so much else to work on.\u00a0 Later?<\/p>\n

b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indirect relative clauses<\/em> are used when the subject of the main clause owns or possesses (however abstractly) the subject of the relative clause, as in: This is the X-file<\/em> whose<\/em> paperwork is missing.\u00a0 Indirect relative clauses are also used when the subject of the main clause is the object of a preposition in the relative clause, as in English: This is the man to whom<\/em> I gave the money (or, as we might say, This is the man<\/em> I gave the money to<\/em>). \u00a0Again, I haven\u2019t emphasized this second type of indirect usage given the vastness of this topic \u2013 \u00e1bhar sraith eile<\/strong> (subject for another series?)<\/p>\n

An cuimhin leat iad seo?<\/strong>\u00a0 Remember these?<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>to say: Seo \u00ed an \u00f3inseach a _____a cara ruda\u00ed amaideacha (d\u00fairt)<\/strong><\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0 to give birth: Seo \u00ed an bh\u00f3 a _____. (rug)<\/strong><\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>to eat: Seo \u00e9 an p\u00e1iste a _____ a dheirfi\u00far s\u00faile an choin\u00edn seacl\u00e1ide (itheann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>to make: <\/em>Sin \u00ed an bhean a _____ soc don lao (rinne)<\/strong><\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to go: Seo Paddy Reilly, an fear a ____ go Baile Sh\u00e9amais Dhuibh.<\/strong>\u00a0 (chuaigh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to come: Seo R\u00f3is\u00edn Nic Giollar\u00e1in, an bhean a _____ a st\u00f3cach ar ais<\/strong> go Baile Sh\u00e9amais Dhuibh.\u00a0 (tiocfaidh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to get: Seo \u00ed an bhean a _____ a hin\u00edon m\u00f3ideim nua (gheobhaidh, <\/strong>remember this one is highly irregular)<\/strong><\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>to see: Sin \u00e9 an fear a _____ an bh\u00f3 (feiceann)<\/strong><\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 to be:<\/strong> Sin \u00e9 an fear a _____ a mhac tinn. (bh\u00ed<\/strong>, also highly irregular)<\/strong><\/p>\n

If all this seems confusing, well, it is.\u00a0 Relative clauses are actually challenging in any language I\u2019ve studied, and they\u2019re not a piece of cake in English either (\u201cto whom\u201d or \u201cnot to whom,\u201d at least in these non-grammar-oriented days, etc.).\u00a0 But what makes Irish more challenging (I think) is that the word that equates to \u201cwho,\u201d \u201cwhich,\u201d \u201cwhose,\u201d or \u201cthat\u201d for relative clauses is the simple one-letter word \u201ca<\/strong>,\u201d which also has about a half a dozen other meanings.\u00a0 \u201cWho,\u201d \u201cwhich,\u201d \u201cwhose,\u201d and \u201cthat\u201d aren\u2019t differentiated on the surface in Irish; what happens is that the \u201ca<\/strong>\u201d causes different mutations according to whether the sentence is direct relative or indirect relative. \u00a0Words beginning with non-mutatable consonants show no change, of course, which actually makes it all even a bit more casta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Gluais<\/strong> (in \u00e9adan meirgeachta<\/strong>, since it\u2019s been a few weeks or months): amaideach<\/strong>, foolish; Baile Sh\u00e9amais Dhuibh<\/strong>, Ballyjamesduff; casta, complicated; coin\u00edn seacl\u00e1ide<\/strong>, chocolate bunny; in\u00edon<\/strong>, daughter; gheobhaidh<\/strong> [YOH-ee] and bhfaighidh <\/strong>[wee OR wai, depending on dialect], will get; lao <\/strong>[lee], calf; Nic Giollar\u00e1in<\/strong>, Kilrain; \u00f3inseach<\/strong>, fool (female, as opposed to \u201camad\u00e1n<\/strong>,\u201d male or generic fool); soc<\/strong>, muzzle; st\u00f3cach<\/strong>, boyfriend<\/p>\n

N\u00f3ta:<\/strong> two words that are easy to confuse are \u201cs\u00fail<\/strong>\u201d ([soo-il] eye) and \u201csi\u00fal<\/strong>\u201d ([shoo-ul] to walk).\u00a0 Note that \u201cs\u00fail siar<\/strong>\u201d and \u201csi\u00fal siar<\/strong>\u201d have completely different meanings.\u00a0 \u201cS\u00fail siar<\/strong>\u201d literally means \u201can eye back\/westward\u201d and is understood to mean a \u201clook-back\u201d or review (more like \u201crevision\u201d in Irish or UK English).\u00a0 \u201cSi\u00fal siar<\/strong>\u201d means \u201cto walk westward\u201d and could mean \u201cto walk back.\u201d<\/p>\n

Freagra\u00ed<\/strong> (ind. = indirect; dir. = direct): 1) nd\u00fairt <\/strong>(ind.), 2)<\/strong> rug <\/strong>(dir.), 3)<\/strong> n-itheann <\/strong>(ind.), 4)<\/strong> rinne <\/strong>(dir.), 5)<\/strong> chuaigh <\/strong>(dir.), 6)<\/strong> dtiocfaidh <\/strong>(ind.), 7) bhfaighidh <\/strong>(ind.), 8] fheiceann <\/strong>(dir.), 9) raibh <\/strong>(ind.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

((le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) It\u2019s been a while since we dealt with the cl\u00e1sail choibhneasta (relative clauses), so I thought I\u2019d do a seisi\u00fan s\u00fail siar before we wrap up with the remaining irregular verbs. So here are some selections from the previous blogs.\u00a0 The verb slot has been left blank, to fill in, and freagra\u00ed are…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4062,9105,7750,9104,8174,8667,9103,5302,8175,5667,3234,5878,6597,9102,9101],"class_list":["post-231","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-amadan","tag-baile-sheamais-dhuibh","tag-ballyjamesduff","tag-calf","tag-direct-relative-clause","tag-eclipsis","tag-fool","tag-gaelic","tag-indirect-relative-clause","tag-irish","tag-irregular-verbs","tag-lenition","tag-relative-clause","tag-siul-siar","tag-suil-siar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t