{"id":238,"date":"2010-05-27T12:46:51","date_gmt":"2010-05-27T12:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=238"},"modified":"2012-11-15T12:44:47","modified_gmt":"2012-11-15T12:44:47","slug":"an-briathar-%e2%80%9ccloisteail%e2%80%9d-the-verb-%e2%80%9cto-hear%e2%80%9d-agus-clasail-choibhneasta-%e2%80%93-agus-deireadh-na-sraithe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/an-briathar-%e2%80%9ccloisteail%e2%80%9d-the-verb-%e2%80%9cto-hear%e2%80%9d-agus-clasail-choibhneasta-%e2%80%93-agus-deireadh-na-sraithe\/","title":{"rendered":"An Briathar \u201cCloiste\u00e1il\u201d (the verb \u201cto hear\u201d) agus Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta \u2013 agus Deireadh na Sraithe!"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/strong><\/p>\n

No longer on the home stretch, we\u2019re done!\u00a0 This is the last installment of the \u201cirregular verbs in relative clauses.\u201d \u00a0Thanks again to mo l\u00e9itheoir d\u00edlis cine\u00e1lta, \u00c1ine,<\/strong> who first requested some treatment of relative clauses (agus a scr\u00edobh an oiread sin de n\u00f3ta\u00ed deasa \u00f3 thosaigh an blag seo<\/strong>).\u00a0 Perhaps it\u2019s hard to imagine how a series on such a specialized topic like this could keep going … and going \u2026 and going, mar choin\u00edn (n\u00f3 mar chadhnra) <\/strong>Energizer (n\u00f3 <\/strong>Duracell, do l\u00e9itheoir\u00ed Eorpacha), ach chuaigh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cCloiste\u00e1il\u201d<\/strong> is another irregular verb that changes root for the past tense.\u00a0 Here are the basics:<\/p>\n

Cloiseann s\u00e9 an p\u00e1iste.\u00a0 <\/strong>He hears the child.<\/p>\n

Chuala s\u00e9 an p\u00e1iste.\u00a0 <\/strong>He heard the child.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cloisfidh s\u00e9 an p\u00e1iste.\u00a0 <\/strong>He will hear the child.<\/strong><\/p>\n

And for good measure, the infinitive (which is one of the uses of the <\/strong>\u201cainmfhocal briathartha<\/strong>,\u201d <\/strong>verbal noun, in Irish).\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Thom\u00e1is\u00edn, an f\u00e9idir leat m\u00e9 a chloiste\u00e1il?\u00a0 <\/strong>Tommy, can you hear me? (\u00f3n roc-cheoldr\u00e1ma eapainmneach, ar nd\u00f3igh)<\/strong><\/p>\n

I\u2019m not going to include present progressive or command forms for this verb, since, in my experience, they\u2019re rarely used.\u00a0 Often when those contexts arise, Irish switches to using a form of \u201c\u00e9isteacht<\/strong>\u201d (to listen), not \u201ccloiste\u00e1il<\/strong>,\u201d as in \u201c\u00c9ist go f\u00f3ill liom!<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cHear\u201d me out!) or \u201c\u00c9ist liom, a mhuirn\u00edn<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cHear\u201d me, darling!) or \u201cT\u00e1 s\u00e9 ag \u00e9isteacht le hurna\u00ed<\/strong> (He is \u201chearing\u201d a prayer).\u00a0 Even \u201cOyez! Oyez!\u201d in Irish ends up as \u201c\u00c9istig\u00ed! \u00c9istig\u00ed!<\/strong>\u201d (Listen! Listen!).<\/p>\n

And now for examples with relative clauses:<\/p>\n

Aimsir L\u00e1ithreach<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cloiseann an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed<\/strong>.\u00a0 That woman hears the banshee.\u00a0 An gcloiseann an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed?<\/strong>\u00a0 Does that woman hear the banshee?<\/p>\n

Direct: Seo \u00ed an bhean a chloiseann an bhean s\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0 This is the woman who hears the banshee.<\/p>\n

Indirect: Seo \u00ed an bhean a gcloiseann a hin\u00edon an bhean s\u00ed<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter hears the banshee.<\/p>\n

Aimsir Chaite<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chuala an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0 That woman heard the banshee.\u00a0 Ar chuala an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed?<\/strong>\u00a0 Did that woman hear the banshee?<\/p>\n

Direct: Seo \u00ed an bhean a chuala an bhean s\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0 This is the woman who heard the banshee.<\/p>\n

Indirect: Seo \u00ed an bhean ar chuala a hin\u00edon an bhean s\u00ed<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter heard the banshee.<\/p>\n

Aimsir Fh\u00e1istineach<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cloisfidh an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0 That woman will hear the banshee.\u00a0 An gcloisfidh an bhean sin an bhean s\u00ed?<\/strong>\u00a0 Will that woman hear the banshee?<\/p>\n

Direct: Seo \u00ed an bhean a chloisfidh an bhean s\u00ed.<\/strong>\u00a0 This is the woman who will hear the banshee (note: this could also be \u201ca chloisfeas<\/strong>,\u201d depending on dialect).<\/p>\n

Indirect: Seo \u00ed an bhean a gcloisfidh a hin\u00edon an bhean s\u00ed<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is the woman whose daughter will hear the banshee.<\/p>\n

Of course, a lot more detail could be added here, especially regarding dialect variations, such as the Northern use of the verb \u201ccluinstin<\/strong>\u201d instead of \u201ccloiste\u00e1il<\/strong>\u201d for \u201cto hear\u201d (cluineann \/ chuala \/ cluinfidh<\/strong>) or using \u201ca<\/strong>\u201d + eclipsis instead of \u201car<\/strong> + lenition\u201d for the regular past-tense indirects and some of the irregulars.\u00a0 But, suffice it to say, this is probably enough for now.<\/p>\n

So that\u2019s the eleven irregular verbs with direct and indirect relative clauses.\u00a0 Of course there\u2019s still a lot more we could do with this.\u00a0 Like making all the examples negative (That\u2019s the woman who doesn\u2019t<\/em> hear the banshee, which if you know your banshee lore, is especially significant.\u00a0 C\u00e9n f\u00e1th?\u00a0 An bhfuil a fhios agat?<\/strong>).\u00a0 Or changing all the indirect examples so they\u2019re based on prepositional phrases instead of possessives (That is the man to whom<\/em> I gave the money).\u00a0 So at some point maybe we\u2019ll have Cl\u00e1sail Choibhneasta <\/strong>re-re-redux.\u00a0 But not for \u201ctamaill\u00edn beag<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00f3ta\u00ed: an bhean <\/strong>[un van]; ceoldr\u00e1ma <\/strong>[KY<\/sup>OHL-DRAW-muh] opera; coin\u00edn<\/strong> [KWIN-yeen] bunny; choin\u00edn<\/strong> [KHWIN-yeen]; eapainm <\/strong>[AP-AN-yim] eponym; eapainmneach <\/strong>[AP-AN-yim-ny<\/sup>ukh] eponymous; muirn\u00edn <\/strong>[MWIRZH<\/sup>-neen] darling, cf. a mhuirn\u00edn <\/strong>[uh WIRzh<\/sup>-neen], O, darling!; roc-cheoldr\u00e1ma<\/strong> [ROK-HY<\/sup>OHL-DRAW-muh] rock opera; Tom\u00e1is\u00edn<\/strong> [TOM-awsh-een], a Thom\u00e1is\u00edn<\/strong> [uh HOM-awsh-een, note silent \u201ct\u201d]<\/p>\n

Fuaimni\u00fa \u201cclois\u201d<\/strong> [klish]: cloiseann<\/strong> [KLISH-un]; cloisfidh<\/strong> [KLISH-hee], a gcloisfidh<\/strong> [uh GLISH-hee]; cloiste\u00e1il<\/strong> [KLISH-tchaw-il], to hear, hearing, cf. a chloiste\u00e1il<\/strong> [uh KHLISH-tchaw-il] to hear; chuala<\/strong> [KHOO-uh-luh]; cluinstin<\/strong> [KLIN-shtin]<\/p>\n

An fhuaim \u201cadh\u201d i l\u00e1r focail:<\/strong> this is different from \u201cdh-\u201d at the beginning of a word and from \u201c-adh\u201d at the end of a word.\u00a0 In this blog, we saw \u201ccadhnra<\/strong>\u201d (battery), lenited as \u201cchadhnra<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0 These are pronounced \u201cKAIN-ruh\u201d and \u201cKHAIN-ruh\u201d respectively.\u00a0 I\u2019m borrowing the IPA guide here for the \u201cai\u201d vowel sound, since there\u2019s no other way to be specific.\u00a0 It\u2019s the sound in English \u201ckind,\u201d \u201ckine,\u201d \u201cpie,\u201d \u201ceye,\u201d \u201caye,\u201d and \u201cmy\u201d (multiple spellings for the same sound!), as well as Scots \u201ckye\u201d (cows) and Welsh \u201ctai\u201d (houses). \u00a0It\u2019s not like English \u201crain\u201d (or \u201cplain\u201d or \u201cSpain,\u201d etc.). \u00a0The same sound is in the man\u2019s name \u201cTadhg<\/strong>\u201d and \u201cradharc<\/strong>\u201d (view), amongst many other places.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) No longer on the home stretch, we\u2019re done!\u00a0 This is the last installment of the \u201cirregular verbs in relative clauses.\u201d \u00a0Thanks again to mo l\u00e9itheoir d\u00edlis cine\u00e1lta, \u00c1ine, who first requested some treatment of relative clauses (agus a scr\u00edobh an oiread sin de n\u00f3ta\u00ed deasa \u00f3 thosaigh an blag seo).\u00a0 Perhaps it\u2019s hard…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[9160,9177,9168,9175,9176,9167,255425,9169,9170,9157,255426,9158,9155,9159,9156,4966,9172,5635,255427,9174,9173,9171,9166,6597,9162,9163,9165,9161,9164],"class_list":["post-238","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language","tag-a-chloisfeas","tag-banshee","tag-bataire","tag-bean-si","tag-bhean-si","tag-cadhnra","tag-can-you-hear-me","tag-ceallra","tag-chadhnra","tag-chuala","tag-clasal-coibhneasta","tag-cloiseann","tag-cloisteail","tag-cluineann","tag-cluinstin","tag-direct","tag-eistigi","tag-indirect","tag-irregular-verb","tag-mhuirnin","tag-muirnin","tag-oyez","tag-radharc","tag-relative-clause","tag-roc-cheoldrama","tag-rock-opera","tag-tadhg","tag-to-hear","tag-tommy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=238"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3455,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238\/revisions\/3455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}