{"id":464,"date":"2010-10-17T16:39:16","date_gmt":"2010-10-17T16:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=464"},"modified":"2010-10-18T16:41:39","modified_gmt":"2010-10-18T16:41:39","slug":"now-that-we%e2%80%99re-just-after-covering-%e2%80%9cbefore%e2%80%9d-let%e2%80%99s-do-%e2%80%9cafter%e2%80%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/now-that-we%e2%80%99re-just-after-covering-%e2%80%9cbefore%e2%80%9d-let%e2%80%99s-do-%e2%80%9cafter%e2%80%9d\/","title":{"rendered":"Now That We\u2019re Just After Covering \u201cBefore,\u201d Let\u2019s Do \u201cAfter\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

For this mionsraith<\/strong>, which will no doubt have at least tr\u00ed n\u00f3 ceithre chuid, <\/strong>I\u2019ll adopt the same basic process as before, when I covered \u201cbefore.\u201d\u00a0 First, we\u2019ll look at two of the most basic phrases for \u201cafter\u201d in Irish, \u201ctar \u00e9is\u201d <\/strong>and \u201ci ndiaidh,\u201d <\/strong>and eventually we\u2019ll work our way up to some more specialized terms, including Seanch\u00e1n\u2019s question about how \u201can\u00f3irthear\u201d <\/strong>compares with \u201car\u00fa am\u00e1rach.\u201d\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

But first, na bunfhr\u00e1sa\u00ed <\/strong>[BUN-RAWSS-ee].\u00a0\u00a0 These are largely a matter of dialect choice, not nuances of meaning, although I\u2019m sure one could find some exceptions.<\/p>\n

\u201cTar \u00e9is\u201d <\/strong>and \u201ci ndiaidh\u201d <\/strong>are both compound prepositions, which means two critical things for their practical usage:<\/p>\n

1.. Each phrase starts out with a recognizable preposition, \u201ctar,\u201d <\/strong>from \u201cthar<\/strong>\u201d (over, past, across, beyond) and \u201ci\u201d <\/strong>(in).\u00a0 Maybe I should say \u201calmost recognizable,\u201d in the case of \u201ctar\u201d <\/strong>since the preposition is usually spelled \u201cthar\u201d <\/strong>(with the \u201ch\u201d) except in \u201ctar \u00e9is\u201d or <\/strong>related phrases.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

This spelling point is all the more important since there is one other widely-used word \u201ctar\u201d <\/strong>in Irish, the command form of the verb \u201cto come\u201d (Tar anseo, Tar ag a d\u00f3 a chlog, srl.).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

2.. The second word in each phrase is a noun (\u00e9is, diaidh) <\/strong>but neither is used very widely on its own in today\u2019s Irish.\u00a0 The word \u201c\u00e9is,\u201d <\/strong>in fact, really isn\u2019t used on its own at all, afaik.\u00a0 It derives from a word that meant a \u201ctrack\u201d or \u201ctrace.\u201d \u201cDiaidh\u201d <\/strong>means \u201cwake\u201d (as of a boat) or \u201crear\u201d and is mostly limited to the phrase \u201ci ndiaidh\u201d (i mo dhiaidh, ina dhiaidh sin, srl.).\u00a0 <\/strong>Today\u2019s modern dictionaries typically direct the reader to the \u201ci ndiaidh\u201d <\/strong>family of phrases, without actually defining \u201cdiaidh<\/strong>\u201d at all.<\/p>\n

Because the second word of these two compound prepositions is a noun, the noun following \u201c\u00e9is\u201d<\/strong> or \u201cdiaidh\u201d<\/strong> is in the genitive case.\u00a0 It may help to remember that you\u2019re literally saying something like \u201cin the track of that event\u201d (after that event) or \u201cin the wake of those people\u201d (after those people).\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sampla\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n

tar \u00e9is na h\u00f3c\u00e1ide sin,<\/strong> after that occasion (from \u00f3c\u00e1id<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

i ndiaidh na ndaoine sin,<\/strong> after those people (from daoine<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

These compound prepositions are widely used in phrases to indicate one has just completed an action:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1 m\u00e9 go d\u00edreach i ndiaidh an dr\u00e1ma sin a fheice\u00e1il<\/strong>.\u00a0 I\u2019m just after seeing that play.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00e1 m\u00e9 go d\u00edreach tar \u00e9is an rud sin a cheannach<\/strong>.\u00a0 I\u2019m just after buying that thing.\u00a0<\/p>\n

These structures carry over into modern Hiberno-English (\u201cHe was just after going inside when there was a loud knock at the door,\u201d etc.).\u00a0 I\u2019m sure that the readers of this blog who have grown up speaking Hiberno-English (even if they didn\u2019t call it that as children) can think of many more such examples.\u00a0 As can anyone who has seen or read the plays of writers like Synge and O\u2019Casey.\u00a0 Or, in fact, a lot of other modern Irish literature written in English.\u00a0 The \u201cjust after\u201d construction is very widely used.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do note that once you add the infinitive at the end (as in \u201ca fheice\u00e1il<\/strong>\u201d or \u201ca cheannach<\/strong>\u201d above), the noun following \u201ci ndiaidh<\/strong>\u201d or \u201ctar \u00e9is<\/strong>\u201d is no longer sa tuiseal ginideach.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0That\u2019s because it is more closely aligned to the actual infinitive (verb) than to the compound preposition.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Variants of \u201ctar \u00e9is<\/strong>\u201d include \u201cthar \u00e9is,\u201d \u201cth\u00e9is\u201d (Gaillimh), l\u00e9is (Maigh Eo), <\/strong>and \u201cin \u00e9is\u201d (Ulaidh), <\/strong>the latter two being somewhat on the obscure side, at least in my experience. <\/strong>\u00a0That is to say, situations don\u2019t leap to mind in which I noticed speakers using the \u201cl\u00e9is\u201d <\/strong>or \u201cin \u00e9is\u201d <\/strong>forms.\u00a0 That doesn\u2019t mean they\u2019re not in use, but they are less commonly taught or encountered.\u00a0<\/p>\n

So that\u2019s the tip of the iceberg for ceist Sheanch\u00e1in<\/strong>, and as we plow through more phrases for \u201cafter,\u201d we\u2019ll hone in on his question.\u00a0 Honing in on an iceberg tip \u2013 now there\u2019s food for thought, since originally \u201choning\u201d was for sharpening stones.\u00a0 Agus as Gaeilge<\/strong>?\u00a0 \u201cFaobhar<\/strong>\u201d would be a \u201csharp edge\u201d and you could also use that word figuratively.\u00a0 If you put a \u201cfaobhar<\/strong>\u201d on your \u201cgoile<\/strong>\u201d (appetite), you\u2019d be whetting it, which is what the various nuances of and questions about Irish do for my own interest in the language.\u00a0 Keep \u2018em coming! \u00a0<\/p>\n

Fuaimni\u00fa: tar \u00e9is<\/strong> [tar aysh], i ndiaidh<\/strong> [in yay OR in YEE-uh, in both cases both d\u2019s silent]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For this mionsraith, which will no doubt have at least tr\u00ed n\u00f3 ceithre chuid, I\u2019ll adopt the same basic process as before, when I covered \u201cbefore.\u201d\u00a0 First, we\u2019ll look at two of the most basic phrases for \u201cafter\u201d in Irish, \u201ctar \u00e9is\u201d and \u201ci ndiaidh,\u201d and eventually we\u2019ll work our way up to some more…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-464","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=464"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":467,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/464\/revisions\/467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}