{"id":507,"date":"2010-11-21T20:24:37","date_gmt":"2010-11-21T20:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=507"},"modified":"2014-11-25T18:53:03","modified_gmt":"2014-11-25T18:53:03","slug":"wrapping-up-%e2%80%9cbefore%e2%80%9d-roimh-sula-etc-and-%e2%80%9cafter%e2%80%9d-i-ndiaidh-tar-eis-etc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wrapping-up-%e2%80%9cbefore%e2%80%9d-roimh-sula-etc-and-%e2%80%9cafter%e2%80%9d-i-ndiaidh-tar-eis-etc\/","title":{"rendered":"Wrapping Up \u201cBefore\u201d (roimh, sula, etc.) and \u201cAfter\u201d (i ndiaidh, tar \u00e9is, etc.)"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Before we really start talking turca\u00ed, <\/strong>in honor of L\u00e1 an Altaithe<\/strong> (the American holiday coming up), let\u2019s briefly review the \u201cbefore\u201d and \u201cafter\u201d spectrum.\u00a0 Then, after our turkey interlude, we can resume with the points of the compass, as hinted at earlier.<\/p>\n

For the word \u201cbefore,\u201d there were two main expressions, one to use roimh ainmfhocail<\/strong> and the other roimh bhriathra<\/strong>.\u00a0 That was a hint.\u00a0 \u201cRoimh<\/strong>\u201d is used before nouns, as in:<\/p>\n

roimh ainmfhocail<\/strong> [riv AN-yim-OK-il] before nouns<\/p>\n

roimh bhriathra<\/strong> [riv VRE-uh-hruh] before verbs<\/p>\n

\u201cRoimh<\/strong>\u201d can also be used before the definite article \u201can<\/strong>,\u201d as in:<\/p>\n

roimh an d\u00e1ta<\/strong>, before the date<\/p>\n

\u201cRoimh<\/strong>\u201d also has seven other forms that show the incorporation of the pronouns m\u00e9, t\u00fa, s\u00e9, s\u00ed, sinn\/muid, sibh, <\/strong>and siad, <\/strong>some fairly obviously (roimh<\/strong> + m\u00e9, romham<\/strong>) and others with no obvious connection (roimh<\/strong> + (s)iad, rompu<\/strong>):<\/p>\n

romham, romhat, roimhe, roimpi, romhainn, romhaibh, rompu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Perhaps the most widely used phrase incorporating these is \u201cf\u00e1ilte romhat<\/strong>,\u201d or its plural variation, \u201cf\u00e1ilte romhaibh<\/strong>\u201d (lit. a welcome before you).\u00a0 It\u2019s used to say \u201cyou\u2019re welcome,\u201d after someone has thanked you.<\/p>\n

The second main word for “before” is \u201csula,<\/strong>\u201d which is used before verbs, as in:<\/p>\n

\u00cdosfaidh muid an turca\u00ed sula n-\u00edosfaidh muid an mhilseog<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

We will eat the turkey before we (will) eat the dessert.<\/p>\n

\u201cSula<\/strong>\u201d causes eclipsis of both consonants and vowels.\u00a0 Eclipsis of vowels is less common than eclipsis of consonants, so you may not have seen it as often.\u00a0 Eclipsis of vowels is always indicated by prefixing \u201cn-\u201c (with the dash included).<\/p>\n

Can you fill in the blanks to create eclipsis in these examples (freagra\u00ed th\u00edos<\/strong>):<\/p>\n

a. Beala\u00edonn s\u00e9 an turca\u00ed sula \u00a0___cuireann s\u00e9 san oigheann \u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

b. Trus\u00e1lann s\u00e9 an turca\u00ed sula \u00a0___beala\u00edonn s\u00e9 \u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. Ligfidh muid don cheirtlis coipeadh sula \u00a0___\u00f3lfaidh muid \u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Some consonants, like \u201cr,\u201d cannot be eclipsed, so they see no change:<\/p>\n

Bh\u00ed seisean ann sula raibh muide ann.<\/strong>\u00a0 He was there before we were there.<\/p>\n

As for \u201cafter,\u201d two key phrases are \u201ci ndiaidh<\/strong>\u201d and \u201ctar \u00e9is<\/strong>,\u201d both of which are followed by an tuiseal ginideach<\/strong> when nouns are involved, as in:<\/p>\n

tar \u00e9is an dinn\u00e9ir<\/strong>, after (the) dinner<\/p>\n

i ndiaidh an dinn\u00e9ir<\/strong>, after (the) dinner<\/p>\n

Remember, \u201cdinn\u00e9ir<\/strong>\u201d is the genitive case form of \u201cdinn\u00e9ar<\/strong>\u201d (dinner).<\/p>\n

These phrases are also widely used in telling time.\u00a0 In\u00a0 these cases, the genitive case is not involved:<\/p>\n

ceathr\u00fa tar \u00e9is a tr\u00ed<\/strong>, quarter past three<\/p>\n

leathuair i ndiaidh a tr\u00ed<\/strong>, half past three<\/p>\n

As you may recall from all the other examples that we\u2019ve seen over the past few weeks, there are many other words in Irish that either mean or can be translated as \u201cbefore\u201d (ar tosach, os comhair, ar\u00fa, srl.) <\/strong>or after (iar-, ar\u00fa, srl.).\u00a0 <\/strong>As usual, this review was just a sampling.<\/p>\n

And, at least we got the turkey trussed and basted, so I guess we had a little \u201ccaint turca\u00ed\u201d <\/strong>after all!\u00a0\u00a0Sl\u00e1n go f\u00f3ill<\/strong>–R\u00f3isl\u00edn<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gluais: beal\u00fa<\/strong>, to baste; coipeadh<\/strong>, to ferment; ligfidh muid<\/strong>, we\u2019ll let; trus\u00e1il<\/strong>, to truss<\/p>\n

Freagra\u00ed: a) sula gcuireann, b) sula mbeala\u00edonn\u00a0 c) sula n-\u00f3lfaidh<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) Before we really start talking turca\u00ed, in honor of L\u00e1 an Altaithe (the American holiday coming up), let\u2019s briefly review the \u201cbefore\u201d and \u201cafter\u201d spectrum.\u00a0 Then, after our turkey interlude, we can resume with the points of the compass, as hinted at earlier. For the word \u201cbefore,\u201d there were two main expressions, one…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[305902,12665,12664,11653,11654,305903,2567,111349,9935],"class_list":["post-507","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language","tag-i-ndiaidh","tag-la-altaithe","tag-la-an-altaithe","tag-roimh","tag-sula","tag-tar-eis","tag-thanksgiving","tag-turcai","tag-turkey"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=507"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5938,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions\/5938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}