{"id":5085,"date":"2014-03-19T11:35:26","date_gmt":"2014-03-19T11:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=5085"},"modified":"2018-03-17T18:39:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T18:39:56","slug":"ten-st-patricks-day-items-and-how-to-lenite-and-eclipse-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/ten-st-patricks-day-items-and-how-to-lenite-and-eclipse-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Ten St. Patrick’s Day Items and How to Lenite and Eclipse Them"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Uimhreacha<\/a>

Uimhreacha — c\u00e9n uimhir a th\u00e9ann le c\u00e9n rud sa bhlag seo?<\/p><\/div>\n

Before we completely leave\u00a0L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile P\u00e1draig<\/b>\u00a0(aka\u00a0L\u00e1 ‘le P\u00e1draig<\/b>) behind us and turn to “c\u00e9ad l\u00e1 an Earraigh<\/b>” (20 m\u00ed an<\/b>\u00a0Mh\u00e1rta 2014<\/strong>), let’s practice lenition and eclipsis of some Irish nouns pertaining to “an Naomh \u00e9 f\u00e9in<\/b>” and the celebrations of the day.<\/p>\n

The concepts of lenition and eclipsis have been discussed many times previously in this blog.\u00a0 You can find blog listings for these topics on the website by searching in the search box (<\/span>nasc th\u00edos<\/b>).\u00a0 I don’t think you can search that way on the blog’s Facebook site (<\/span>nasc th\u00edos<\/b>), but I’m not positive.\u00a0 At any rate, for anyone completely new to the Irish language, here are brief definitions of these processes:<\/span><\/p>\n

lenition<\/em> (called “s\u00e9imhi\u00fa<\/b>” [SHAY-voo] in Irish) is the process of softening the initial consonant of a word.\u00a0 In spelling, it means you add an “h” after the first letter, so “b\u00f3<\/b>” becomes “bh\u00f3<\/b>” and “dlaoi<\/b>” becomes “dhlaoi<\/b>.”\u00a0 In pronunciation the sound is “softened,” as the term “lenition” suggests (since it is related to “lenient” in English).\u00a0 There are many situations in which lenition occurs in Irish but in today’s blog we’ll mostly be concerned with the numbers from two through six causing lenition to the noun that follows.\u00a0\u00a0 You may have seen examples like “dh\u00e1 bh\u00f3<\/b>” (two cows), “tr\u00ed bh\u00f3<\/b>” (three cows) and so on up to “s\u00e9 bh\u00f3<\/b>” (six cows).\u00a0 Another set of examples would be “ceithre phr\u00e9ach\u00e1n<\/b>” and “c\u00faig phr\u00e9ach\u00e1n<\/b>“).<\/p>\n

eclipsis<\/em> (called “ur\u00fa<\/b>” [ur-oo] in Irish) is the process of covering over the sound of the initial letter of a word by putting a new letter in front of it.\u00a0 Pretty different from “B\u00e9arla<\/b>,” eh?\u00a0 The word “ur\u00fa<\/b>” is also used in phrases like “ur\u00fa na gr\u00e9ine<\/b>” and “ur\u00fa na geala\u00ed<\/b>” but that’s more a matter for “r\u00e9alteolaithe<\/b>,” not for “tosaitheoir\u00ed \u00f3 lucht foghlamtha na Gaeilge<\/b>.”\u00a0 Typical examples of the eclipsis of Irish words \u00a0look like this: “seacht mb\u00f3<\/b>” ([shakht moh] seven cows, the “b” is now silent) and ‘deich mb\u00f3<\/b>” ([djeh moh] ten cows).\u00a0 Another set of examples would be “ocht bpr\u00e9ach\u00e1n<\/b>” [okht BRAY-khawn] and “naoi bpr\u00e9ach\u00e1n<\/b>” [nee BRAY-khawn]).<\/p>\n

But enough of counting cows (“ba<\/b>“) and crows (“pr\u00e9ach\u00e1in<\/b>“).\u00a0 Let’s do some St. Patrick’s Day items.\u00a0 Oh, and one more point — the number “one” doesn’t cause either lenition or eclipsis because it comes after<\/i> the noun, as in the example (“bachall amh\u00e1in<\/b>“). \u00a0 For the remainder, see if you can fill in the two missing letters for each noun.\u00a0 Each one is actually a “d\u00fashl\u00e1n d\u00fabailte<\/b>” ([doo-hlawn DOO-bil-tchuh] because you have to figure out what the incomplete word is, and then lenite or eclipse it.\u00a0 Answers and translations will be given below:<\/p>\n

1. bachall \u00a0amh\u00e1in<\/b><\/p>\n

2. dh\u00e1 \u00a0___ \u00a0___ \u00a0ar\u00e1id<\/b><\/p>\n

3. tr\u00ed \u00a0___ \u00a0___ uilleog na seamr\u00f3ige<\/b><\/p>\n

4. ceithre \u00a0___ \u00a0___ ionta Guinness<\/b><\/p>\n

5. c\u00faig\u00a0 ___\u00a0 ___ eamr\u00f3g\u00a0 mh\u00f3ra<\/b><\/p>\n

6. s\u00e9\u00a0 ___ \u00a0___\u00a0 linc\u00edn fuisce<\/b><\/p>\n

And now starting with eclipsis:<\/p>\n

7. seacht\u00a0 ___ ___ loine beorach<\/b><\/p>\n

8. ocht\u00a0 ___ ___ \u00a0up\u00e1n caife gaelach<\/b><\/p>\n

9. naoi ribe fhionnadh an mhadra a “bhain greim as na h\u00f3lt\u00f3ir\u00ed”<\/b> — that one’s a giveaway, since the letter “r” as in “ribe<\/b>” is never eclipsed or lenited.\u00a0 An dtuigeann t\u00fa an fr\u00e1sa?\u00a0 Muna dtuigeann, t\u00e1 an t-aistri\u00fach\u00e1n th\u00edos<\/b>.<\/p>\n

10. deich\u00a0 ___\u00a0 ___ \u00e1rta L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile P\u00e1draig le cl\u00fadaigh uaine<\/b><\/p>\n

Bhuel, sin sp\u00f3rt is spraoi agus cleachtadh dian le huimhreacha agus le hainmfhocail<\/b>.\u00a0 What more could you ask more, post-“LFP<\/b>“?\u00a0 SGF – R\u00f3isl\u00edn<\/b><\/p>\n

P.S. “LFP”?\u00a0 F\u00e9ach an n\u00f3ta th\u00edos.<\/b><\/p>\n

Na Freagra\u00ed, <\/b>with lenition ar dt\u00fas. <\/b>\u00a0Remember, nouns stay singular after numbers in Irish, so none of these entries are actually plural in terms of word-endings.\u00a0
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

1. bachall amh\u00e1in, <\/b>one crozier (crosier)<\/b><\/p>\n

2. dh\u00e1 phar\u00e1id, <\/b>two parades<\/b><\/p>\n

3. tr\u00ed dhuilleog na seamr\u00f3ige, <\/b>the three leaves of the shamrock<\/b><\/p>\n

4. ceithre phionta Guinness, <\/b>four pints of Guinness<\/b><\/p>\n

5. c\u00faig sheamr\u00f3g\u00a0 mh\u00f3ra<\/b>, five big shamrocks (note that the adjective “m\u00f3r<\/strong>” is also lenited and does have the plural ending)<\/p>\n

6. s\u00e9 ghlinc\u00edn fuisce, <\/b>six shots of whiskey<\/b><\/p>\n

And now starting with eclipsis:<\/p>\n

7. seacht ngloine beorach, <\/b>seven glasses of beer<\/b><\/p>\n

8. ocht gcup\u00e1n caife gaelach, <\/b>eight cups of Irish coffee<\/b><\/p>\n

9. naoi ribe fhionnadh an mhadra a “bhain greim as na h\u00f3lt\u00f3ir\u00ed<\/b>”\u00a0 — nine hairs of the dog that bit the drinkers.\u00a0 Presumably there were “naon\u00far \u00f3lt\u00f3ir\u00ed<\/b>” (nine drinkers), since, according to tradition, each drinker should get a (i.e. just one) “hair of the dog that bit him.”\u00a0 Whether the “naoi ribe” <\/b>came from “naoi madra \u00e9ags\u00fala<\/b>” or from “madra amh\u00e1in<\/b>” is up to your imagination.\u00a0 But probably the pain of the “p\u00f3it<\/b>” (hangover) isn’t imaginary, especially if your <\/b>“Pota P\u00e1draig<\/b>” was served in some sort of “Coire Ansic” <\/b>(Undry or Endless Cauldron), like that of the Dagda (one of the Celtic gods). \u00a0At any rate, no s\u00e9imhi\u00fa <\/b>or ur\u00fa <\/b>for words that start with the letter “r.”<\/p>\n

10. deich gc\u00e1rta L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile P\u00e1draig le cl\u00fadaigh uaine<\/b>, ten St. Patrick’s Day cards with green envelopes<\/p>\n

And the bonus for making it down to “bun an bhlag seo<\/b>“: deich gcreath\u00e1n bainne seamr\u00f3ige (de chuid McDonald’s ag an am seo den bhliain)<\/b>, ten “shamrock” shakes (the McDonald’s special). \u00a0Or maybe that should be “deich gcreath\u00e1n bainne sheamr\u00f3gdhathacha<\/b>” (ten shamrock-colored milkshakes), since they’re not actually made of<\/em> shamrocks, fad m’eolais.\u00a0 Bar\u00fail agatsa?\u00a0 An maith leat creath\u00e1in bhainne sheamr\u00f3gdhathacha?\u00a0 Is maith? N\u00ed maith?\u00a0 Inis d\u00fainn, mura mhiste leat! <\/b><\/p>\n

Nascanna: <\/b><\/p>\n

https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/learn.irish<\/p>\n

N\u00f3ta: LFP, L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile P\u00e1draig<\/b>.\u00a0 May as well add that “giorr\u00fach\u00e1n<\/b>” to the mix<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) Before we completely leave\u00a0L\u00e1 Fh\u00e9ile P\u00e1draig\u00a0(aka\u00a0L\u00e1 ‘le P\u00e1draig) behind us and turn to “c\u00e9ad l\u00e1 an Earraigh” (20 m\u00ed an\u00a0Mh\u00e1rta 2014), let’s practice lenition and eclipsis of some Irish nouns pertaining to “an Naomh \u00e9 f\u00e9in” and the celebrations of the day. The concepts of lenition and eclipsis have been discussed many times…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":5086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[96397,96662,315857,4337,207345,315866,65808,315868,4520,96661,96585,315865,315862,315864,7993,8667,274938,5299,207380,5390,376469,315858,5808,5878,315863,6219,6385,6395,315859,315867,96644,207328,315860,6758,315861,6936,7233],"class_list":["post-5085","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-irish-language","tag-uru","tag-amhain","tag-bachall","tag-beoir","tag-beorach","tag-bho","tag-bo","tag-bpreachan","tag-caife","tag-counting-crows","tag-dha","tag-dhlaoi","tag-dhuilleog","tag-dlaoi","tag-duilleog","tag-eclipsis","tag-fuisce","tag-gaelach","tag-glincin","tag-gloine","tag-hair-of-the-dog","tag-irish-numbers","tag-la-fheile-padraig","tag-lenition","tag-mbo","tag-naomh","tag-padraig","tag-paraid","tag-pharaid","tag-phreachan","tag-preachan","tag-seamrog","tag-seamroige","tag-seimhiu","tag-sheamrog","tag-st-patricks-day","tag-uimhreacha"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5085"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10262,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5085\/revisions\/10262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}