{"id":957,"date":"2011-06-10T03:20:54","date_gmt":"2011-06-10T03:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/?p=957"},"modified":"2015-03-07T11:12:16","modified_gmt":"2015-03-07T11:12:16","slug":"%e2%80%9ccomharsa%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%9cmonarcha%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%9cpearsa%e2%80%9d-an-cuigiu-diochlaonadh-aris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/%e2%80%9ccomharsa%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%9cmonarcha%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%9cpearsa%e2%80%9d-an-cuigiu-diochlaonadh-aris\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cComharsa,\u201d \u201cMonarcha,\u201d \u201cPearsa\u201d: An C\u00faigi\u00fa D\u00edochlaonadh Ar\u00eds"},"content":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) <\/strong><\/p>\n

We\u2019ve recently seen several patterns for 5th<\/sup>-declension nouns in Irish.<\/p>\n

One small group, which contains some very important kinship terms, looks like this:<\/p>\n

athair <\/strong>(father), athar, aithreacha <\/strong><\/p>\n

m\u00e1thair <\/strong>(mother), m\u00e1thar, m\u00e1ithreacha <\/strong><\/p>\n

Another group sometimes also has the \u201c-air<\/strong>\u201d ending but works slightly differently when you create the possessive form (adding \u201c-ach<\/strong>\u201d) and includes the following:<\/p>\n

cathair <\/strong>(city), cathrach<\/strong>, cathracha <\/strong><\/p>\n

nathair <\/strong>(snake), nathrach<\/strong>, nathracha <\/strong><\/p>\n

This second pattern also contains nouns that work the same way (adding \u201c-ach<\/strong>\u201d), but have slightly different endings (-il, -ir, -in)<\/strong> in their basic form, all within the same family, though.\u00a0 These include:<\/p>\n

triail, trialach, trialacha <\/strong>(trial, attempt)<\/p>\n

uimhir, uimhreach, uimhreacha<\/strong> (number)<\/p>\n

traein, traenach, traenacha<\/strong> (train)<\/p>\n

And now for our third sub-section of 5th<\/sup>-declension nouns.\u00a0 These add \u201c-n<\/strong>\u201d for genitive singular and, with a few exceptions, \u201c-na<\/strong>\u201d for all the plural forms.\u00a0 Examples include the following:<\/p>\n

comharsa <\/strong>(neighbor), comharsan <\/strong>(of neighbor, neighbor\u2019s), comharsana <\/strong>(neighbors)<\/p>\n

monarcha <\/strong>(factory), monarchan <\/strong>(of factory, factory\u2019s), monarchana <\/strong>(factories)<\/p>\n

pearsa <\/strong>(person, in the literary, grammatical, or philosophical sense; also, a character in a play), pearsan <\/strong>(of person, person\u2019s), pearsana <\/strong>(persons, cast of characters in a play); \u201cperson\u201d in the more physical sense is \u201cduine<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n

It\u2019s worth noting that this \u201c-(a)na\u201d <\/strong>plural ending is structurally quite different from the much more widely used \u201c-(e)anna\u201d <\/strong>plural ending (busanna, carranna, ceisteanna, feiseanna, srl.)<\/strong>.\u00a0 For \u201ccomharsa,\u201d \u201cmonarcha,\u201d <\/strong>and \u201cpearsa,\u201d <\/strong>we\u2019re basically taking the \u201c-n<\/strong>\u201d ending used to show possession and adding an \u201c-a<\/strong>\u201d to it for the plural.\u00a0 So, there\u2019s only one \u201c-n<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0 Another point of contrast is that there are probably thousands of words that have the \u201c-(e)anna\u201d <\/strong>plural, including a lot of recently borrowed ones, but probably only a couple dozen, at least of reasonably widely used words, that are part of this 5th<\/sup>-declension \u201c-(a)na\u201d <\/strong>subset.<\/p>\n

How about a little cleachtadh <\/strong>now.\u00a0 Freagra\u00ed<\/strong>, as usual, th\u00edos.\u00a0 <\/strong>First we\u2019ll practice the most recent batch, the \u201c-n, -na<\/strong>\u201d words.\u00a0 Remember these are all feminine, so you\u2019ll have \u201cna<\/strong>\u201d in the middle for \u201cof the,\u201d singular as well as plural.\u00a0 Oh, and that \u201cna<\/strong>\u201d (meaning \u201cof the\u201d) is not at all related to our \u201c-na<\/strong>\u201d suffix; it\u2019s just a chance similarity.<\/p>\n

Cleachtadh A: <\/strong>Word bank: comharsa, monarcha, pearsa <\/strong>(but you\u2019ll need to add the endings, where necessary)<\/p>\n

a) \u00fain\u00e9ir na _____________\u00a0 <\/strong>(the owner of the factory)<\/p>\n

b) \u00fain\u00e9ir\u00ed na ________________ <\/strong>(the owners of the factories)<\/p>\n

c) T\u00e1 lomaire faiche mo _______________ an-chall\u00e1nach agus \u00fas\u00e1ideann siad go moch sa mhaidin \u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

d) T\u00e1 an briathar \u201ct\u00e1id\u201d sa tr\u00ed\u00fa __________________.\u00a0 (Leid: t\u00e1id = t\u00e1 siad)<\/strong><\/p>\n

e) C\u00e9 mh\u00e9ad ______________ at\u00e1 sa dr\u00e1ma sin?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

And now, let\u2019s mix it up with other 5th<\/sup>-declension nouns, not just today\u2019s \u201c-n, -na<\/strong>\u201d set:<\/p>\n

Cleachtadh B: <\/strong>Word bank: athair, cathair, comharsa, monarcha, nathair, traein.<\/strong>\u00a0 S\u00e9 fhocal i mbanc na bhfocal, ach ocht gceist?<\/strong>\u00a0 T\u00e1 c\u00fapla ceist bhreise ann le haghaidh an chraic agus mar t\u00e1 na h\u00e1bhair chomh suimi\u00fail!\u00a0 <\/strong>It\u2019ll be up to you to decide if you need a possessive or plural form here, and to add the appropriate ending. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>An bhfuil preabmh\u00fanlanna i l\u00e1r na _________ <\/strong>? (city<\/em>)<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Cad \u00e9 ainm d\u2019___________ <\/strong>? (father)<\/em><\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>C\u00e1 bhfuil an st\u00e1isi\u00fan ______________ <\/strong>? (train)<\/em><\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Na hAchtanna ________________ <\/strong>? (factory)<\/em><\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 An fearr leat c\u00e1is ____________________ n\u00f3 c\u00e1is chearda\u00ed <\/strong>? (factory)<\/em><\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>An bhfuil m\u00f3r\u00e1n eolais agat ar _________________?\u00a0 Cad \u00ed\u00a0an ______ is l\u00fa sa domhan? <\/strong>(snake)<\/em><\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e9n f\u00e1th a dtugtar an leasainm <\/strong>\u201cJuteopolis\u201d ar Dh\u00fan D\u00e9agh, in Albain?\u00a0 Freagra: Mar gheall ar na ________________ si\u00faite a bh\u00edodh ann.\u00a0 <\/strong>(factory)<\/em><\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e1 santaigh teach do ______________; n\u00e1 santaigh bean do ______________, n\u00e1 a dhaor n\u00e1 a dhaoirseach, n\u00e1 a dhamh n\u00e1 a asal, n\u00e1 aon n\u00ed is leis (Eaxodus 20:17).\u00a0 Leid: <\/strong>the use of forms like \u201ca dhaor\u201d <\/strong>and \u201cleis\u201d <\/strong>tell us that the answer is singular; also, unlike some fill-in-the-blank questions, both blanks here are identical. \u00a0(neighbor)<\/em><\/p>\n

And finally, while still talking about \u201can c\u00faigi\u00fa d\u00edochlaonadh,\u201d <\/strong>what do \u201cporridge\u201d and \u201cfingernails\u201d have in common.\u00a0 Well, that\u2019s the cliffhanger don ch\u00e9ad bhlag eile.\u00a0\u00a0 Sl\u00e1n go f\u00f3ill, \u00f3 R\u00f3islin<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Freagra\u00ed do Chleachtadh A: a) na monarchan, b) na monarchana, c) mo chomharsana; <\/strong>has to be plural here because of the \u201csiad,\u201d d) pearsa, e) pearsa <\/strong>(singular after the question \u201cC\u00e9 mh\u00e9ad\u201d<\/strong>)<\/p>\n

Freagra\u00ed do Chleachtadh B: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) i l\u00e1r na cathrach<\/strong><\/p>\n

2) ainm d\u2019athar<\/strong><\/p>\n

3) an st\u00e1isi\u00fan traenach<\/strong><\/p>\n

4) Na hAchtanna Monarchan (sa Bhreatain)<\/strong><\/p>\n

5) c\u00e1is mhonarchan <\/strong>(\u201cmh<\/strong>\u201d instead of just \u201cm<\/strong>\u201d because \u201cc\u00e1is<\/strong>\u201d is feminine)<\/p>\n

6) nathracha; nathair; an ceann is l\u00fa (de r\u00e9ir <\/strong>http:\/\/www.mapress.com\/zootaxa\/2008\/f\/zt01841p030.pdf<\/a>): sn\u00e1thnathair Bharbad\u00f3s<\/strong> (Leptotyphlops carlae)<\/em>, a bhfuil c\u00f3na\u00ed uirthi\u00a0ar Bharbad\u00f3s, \u00ed\u00a010cm (ceithre horla\u00ed) ar a fhad agus chomh tana\u00ed le ribe spaigit\u00ed.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

7) monarchana.\u00a0 D\u00e1la an sc\u00e9il, ceann amh\u00e1in acu f\u00e1gtha anois, fad m\u2019eolais, a bhfuil an t-ainm <\/strong>\u201cVerdant Works\u201d air.\u00a0 Maidir leis an difear idir an t\u00e9arma \u201cmonarcha\u201d agus an t\u00e9arma \u201cmuileann\u201d sa ch\u00e1s seo (muilte si\u00faite a bh\u00ed i gceist, le bheith cruinn), sin idirdheal\u00fa nach bhfuil agam go r\u00e9idh.\u00a0 Ach chonaic m\u00e9 \u201cmuileann s\u00edoda\u201d i liosta na \u201cmonarchana\u201d ba shine i Sasana agus mar sin is d\u00f3cha go dtig linn \u201cmonarcha\u201d a \u00fas\u00e1id do mhuileann si\u00faite sa ch\u00e1s seo. \u00a0\u201cMonarcha\u201d mar sc\u00e1th-th\u00e9arma, b\u2019fh\u00e9idir.\u00a0 Agus an Ghaeilge ar <\/strong>\u201cJuteopolis\u201d?\u00a0 *Si\u00faiteapolas, b\u2019fh\u00e9idir.\u00a0 Bhur mbar\u00falacha?\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

8)) do chomharsan, do chomharsan.\u00a0 <\/strong>Hmmm, why is the \u201cbean\u201d <\/strong>part of that \u201caithne\u201d <\/strong>(commandment) so much more memorable than the \u201cdamh\u201d <\/strong>and \u201casal\u201d <\/strong>part?\u00a0 Changing times, is d\u00f3cha.\u00a0 <\/strong>And what about \u201csant\u00fa fhear do chomharsan\u201d? <\/strong>\u00a0I wonder why that wasn\u2019t specified.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gluais: asal, <\/strong>donkey; ba shine, <\/strong>oldest; call\u00e1nach, <\/strong>noisy; cearda\u00ed<\/strong>, artisan; damh<\/strong>, ox; daor,<\/strong> unfree person, slave; daoirseach<\/strong>, slave, serf; idirdheal\u00fa,<\/strong> distinction; is l\u00fa, <\/strong>smallest; lomaire,<\/strong> mower; orlach,<\/strong> inch; ribe<\/strong>, strand (of hair, etc.); sant\u00fa<\/strong>, to covet; s\u00edoda, <\/strong>silk; si\u00fait<\/strong>, jute; sn\u00e1th<\/strong>, thread<\/p>\n

N\u00f3ta re: *preabmh\u00fanlann <\/strong>(pop-up urinal): If you have any doubts about the *preabmh\u00fanlann <\/strong>concept, which I have not seen implemented in the U.S., just check out the website of the UriLift manufacturer, which cites their popularity in London and Belfast, amongst other places (www.urilift.com<\/a>).\u00a0 My question is what to call these devices in Irish, since, yet again, I find nothing online for this phrase.\u00a0 The choice is basically whether to use \u201cpreab-\u201c <\/strong>as a prefix or \u201can\u00edos\u201d <\/strong>as a modifier.\u00a0 \u201cPreab\u201d <\/strong>literally means \u201cbounce,\u201d \u201cspring,\u201d or \u201cleap,\u201d and \u201can\u00edos<\/strong>\u201d means \u201cupward\u201d or \u201cfrom below.\u201d\u00a0 \u201cPreab an\u00edos\u201d <\/strong>means \u201cpop up from below,\u201d but would seem to be overkill for the pop-up urinals.\u00a0 <\/strong>With \u201cpreab,\u201d <\/strong>we have samples like \u201cpreableabhar\u201d<\/strong> (pop-up book) and \u201cpreabdheis\u201d <\/strong>(pop-up device).<\/p>\n

Using \u201can\u00edos,\u201d <\/strong>we have phrases like m\u00edr an\u00edos <\/strong>(a pop-up, i.e. ad, message, etc. on computer), bacaire m\u00edreanna an\u00edos, <\/strong>pop-up blocker (lit. blocker of pop-ups), picti\u00far an\u00edos <\/strong>(a pop-up picture), and roghchl\u00e1r an\u00edos <\/strong>(a pop-up menu, as on a computer, not, afaik, as a 3-dimensional feature on a dining table in a restaurant, although, come to think of it, that\u2019s not a bad idea).<\/p>\n

Of course, we could always drop the colloquialism \u201cpop-up\u201d and describe them in scientific terms: m\u00fanlanna a arda\u00edtear go hiodr\u00e1lach (m\u00fanlanna inardaithe go hiodr\u00e1lach).\u00a0 <\/strong>Curiously, at least to me, the Irish for \u201cretractable\u201d is \u201cinardaithe,\u201d <\/strong>but literally, that would mean something more like \u201cable to be raised.\u201d\u00a0 The word \u201cretractable\u201d in English puts more emphasis on the “lowering-down” aspect.\u00a0 Either approach seems reasonable, since that\u2019s exactly what the UriLift does \u2013 it gets raised in the evening when it will help with public urination problems, typically around 10 pm, and lowered again in the morning when it\u2019s not needed and would block traffic.\u00a0 All with a cianrialt\u00e1n<\/strong> (remote control).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(le R\u00f3isl\u00edn) We\u2019ve recently seen several patterns for 5th-declension nouns in Irish. One small group, which contains some very important kinship terms, looks like this: athair (father), athar, aithreacha m\u00e1thair (mother), m\u00e1thar, m\u00e1ithreacha Another group sometimes also has the \u201c-air\u201d ending but works slightly differently when you create the possessive form (adding \u201c-ach\u201d) and includes…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3898],"tags":[4036,33010,4236,4239,4331,32975,32985,32987,32988,32989,32990,33009,33008,33007,33017,33016,33001,33002,33004,376480,33011,33012,32994,32995,5978,6022,6025,32991,32992,32993,33015,32999,6222,32984,32986,32996,32997,32998,33005,33006,33013,33014,33003,33000,376481,33018],"class_list":["post-957","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-irish-language","tag-aithreacha","tag-asal","tag-athair","tag-athar","tag-belfast","tag-cathair","tag-cathrach","tag-cathracha","tag-comharsa","tag-comharsan","tag-comharsana","tag-damh","tag-daoirseach","tag-daor","tag-dun-deagh","tag-dundee","tag-hiodralach","tag-inardaithe","tag-is-lu","tag-jute","tag-juteopolis","tag-jutopolis","tag-leite","tag-leitean","tag-maithreacha","tag-mathair","tag-mathar","tag-monarcha","tag-monarchan","tag-monarchana","tag-muileann","tag-munlann","tag-nathair","tag-nathrach","tag-nathracha","tag-pearsa","tag-pearsan","tag-pearsana","tag-santaigh","tag-santu","tag-siuit","tag-siuite","tag-snathnathair","tag-urilift","tag-urinal","tag-verdant-works"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=957"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6434,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957\/revisions\/6434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/irish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}