{"id":13,"date":"2008-10-02T15:44:54","date_gmt":"2008-10-02T19:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/?p=11"},"modified":"2008-10-02T15:44:54","modified_gmt":"2008-10-02T19:44:54","slug":"a-brief-history-of-lei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/a-brief-history-of-lei\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Lei&#8221; part 2: a brief history"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Following on from Natasha&#8217;s blog, I would like to add a few historical notes.<\/p>\n<p>The use of Lei (lit.: She) as a form of respect goes back to the XVII-XVIII century, when it was common not to address somebody important directly, but to use abstract forms such as <strong>la Signoria Vostra<\/strong>. E.g. &#8220;Cosa pensa la Signoria Vostra di quest&#8217;opera?&#8221; that is: &#8220;What does Your Lordship think of this opera?&#8221; or &#8220;La Signoria Vostra desidera un caff\u00e8?&#8221; that is: &#8220;Would Your Lordship like a coffee?&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>As you can see from these examples, the sentence is constructed in the third person singular, and because titles like <strong>signoria<\/strong> (lordship), <strong>maest\u00e0<\/strong> (majesty), <strong>altezza<\/strong> (highness), etc. are all feminine, this explains the use of the feminine pronoun <strong>Lei <\/strong>(she). There are some wonderful examples of the usage of these titles in the comedies written by Carlo Goldoni, the famous Venetian play writer.<\/p>\n<p>Originally all the adjectives had to be in the feminine form to agree with Lei, but now, in modern Italian, you use masculine ending adjectives when talking to a man. E.g.: &#8220;Lei \u00e8 tropp<strong>o <\/strong>buon<strong>o<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>The Italian language as we know it today was created following the unification of Italy in 1870 and there are still many linguistic variations throughout the country. In certain parts of Italy the <strong>Voi<\/strong> was used much more frequently than the Lei, particularly in the South and in Emilia Romagna. In 1938 Mussolini, who was from Emilia Romagna, tried to introduce the use of the Voi believing that the Lei was from Spanish origin. This usage is known as the <strong>Voi fascista<\/strong>, and is now very rare, used only by some older people.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, good news for all learners of Italian: in spoken language the Lei is disappearing and <strong>Tu<\/strong> is becoming far more common, particularly in shops and restaurants. Lei it&#8217;s still used in official written language and when you speak to somebody very important, like Professors or Doctors.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Un cordiale saluto a Lei<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Following on from Natasha&#8217;s blog, I would like to add a few historical notes. The use of Lei (lit.: She) as a form of respect goes back to the XVII-XVIII century, when it was common not to address somebody important directly, but to use abstract forms such as la Signoria Vostra. E.g. &#8220;Cosa pensa la&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/a-brief-history-of-lei\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1060,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13\/revisions\/1060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}