{"id":14142,"date":"2017-05-24T10:13:24","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T08:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/?p=14142"},"modified":"2017-06-19T10:24:46","modified_gmt":"2017-06-19T08:24:46","slug":"the-italian-subjunctive-3-perfect-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/the-italian-subjunctive-3-perfect-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"The Italian Subjunctive &#8211; 3. Perfect Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">So far in this series on the Italian subjunctive we&#8217;ve covered the<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/the-italian-subjunctive-1-present-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Present Tense<\/a><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">, and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/the-italian-subjunctive-2-irregular-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irregular Verbs<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span>. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Today we&#8217;re going to move on to the slightly more complex <strong>congiuntivo passato<\/strong> (perfect subjunctive).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14156\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/agosto-09-6.jpg\" aria-label=\"Agosto 09 6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14156\" class=\"wp-image-14156 size-full\"  alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"620\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/agosto-09-6.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/agosto-09-6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/agosto-09-6-350x271.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/agosto-09-6-768x595.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14156\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><em>&#8220;<\/em><em>si dice che questo <span style=\"color: #800080;\">sia stato<\/span> un buon anno per i pomodori&#8221; <br \/><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Edwardian Script ITC,cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Constructing the congiuntivo passato:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\">We construct the <strong>congiuntivo passato<\/strong> by using use the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verbs <strong>essere<\/strong> (to be) or <strong>avere<\/strong> (to have) followed by the past participle of the main verb:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Verbs using the auxiliary verb <strong>essere<\/strong>, such as <strong>andare<\/strong> (to go), or reflexive verbs such as <strong>vestirsi<\/strong>, (to dress) become:<br \/>\n<strong>io\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800080;\">sia andato\/a<\/span>, tu <span style=\"color: #800080;\">sia andato\/a<\/span>, lui <span style=\"color: #800080;\">sia andato<\/span>, lei <span style=\"color: #800080;\">sia andata<\/span>, noi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">siamo andati\/e<\/span>, voi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">siate andati\/e<\/span>, loro <span style=\"color: #800080;\">siano andati\/e<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> io <span style=\"color: #800080;\">mi sia vestito\/a<\/span>, tu <span style=\"color: #800080;\">ti sia vestito\/a<\/span>, lui <span style=\"color: #800080;\">si sia vestito<\/span>, lei <span style=\"color: #800080;\">si sia vestita<\/span>, noi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">ci siamo vestiti\/e<\/span>, voi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">vi siete vestiti\/e<\/span>, loro <span style=\"color: #800080;\">si siano vestiti\/e<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Verbs using the auxiliary verb <strong>avere<\/strong>, e.g. <strong>finire<\/strong> (to finish), and <strong>fare<\/strong> (to do) become:<br \/>\n<strong>io <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia finito<\/span>, tu <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia finito<\/span>, lui\/lei <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia finito<\/span>, noi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiamo finito<\/span>, voi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiate finito<\/span>, loro <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiano finito<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> io <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia fatto<\/span>, tu <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia fatto<\/span>, lui\/lei <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbia fatto<\/span>, noi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiamo fatto<\/span>, voi <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiate fatto<\/span>, loro <span style=\"color: #800080;\">abbiano fatto<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As you can see, the <strong>congiuntivo passato<\/strong> is simpler when constructed with the verb <strong>avere<\/strong> as the past participle does<em> not <\/em>change according to gender and\/or number.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\">In order to know whether to use the auxiliary <strong>essere<\/strong> or <strong>avere<\/strong> you&#8217;ll need to understand the rules that apply to the <strong>passato prossimo<\/strong> (present perfect). You can find these rules here: <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #000080; text-decoration: underline;\" title=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\">Transitive and Intransitive Verbs<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">When to use the congiuntivo passato:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>1.<\/strong><\/span> with verbs which express: <em>wishes<\/em>, <em>thoughts<\/em>, <em>beliefs<\/em>, <em>worries<\/em>, and <em>doubts<\/em>, when they are followed by the conjunction <strong>che<\/strong> (that)<em>.<br \/>\n<\/em>E.g.: <strong>sper<\/strong><strong>o che<\/strong> (I hope <i>that<\/i>), <strong>pens<\/strong><strong>o che<\/strong> (I think <i>that<\/i>), <strong>cred<\/strong><strong>o che<\/strong> (I believe <i>that<\/i>), <strong>tem<\/strong><strong>o che<\/strong> (I\u2019m afraid <i>that<\/i>), <strong>dubit<\/strong><strong>o che<\/strong> (I doubt <i>that<\/i>).<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Examples:<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>speriamo che non abbia piovuto<\/strong> (let\u2019s hope it hasn\u2019t rained)<br \/>\n<strong>Lucia pensa che Maria sia partita ieri per le vacanze<\/strong> (Lucia thinks that Maria left for her holidays yesterday)<br \/>\n<strong>mi stupisco che tu sia rimasto ancora<\/strong> (I\u2019m surprised that you stayed longer)<br \/>\n<strong>temo che Carlo abbia perso il treno<\/strong> (I\u2019m afraid that Carlo has missed the train)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>2.<\/strong><\/span> to talk about the past after impersonal verbs followed by the conjunction <strong>che<\/strong>, such as <strong>sembra che<\/strong> (it seems that), <strong>si dice che<\/strong> (it is said that)<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Examples:<\/span> <\/span><br \/>\n<strong>sembra che Giorgio abbia cambiato lavoro<\/strong> (it seems that Giorgio has changed jobs)<br \/>\n<strong>si dice che questo sia stato un buon anno per i pomodori<\/strong> (this is said to have been a good year for tomatoes)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">3.<\/span><\/strong> to talk about the past after impersonal constructions such as <strong>\u00e8 facile\/difficile che<\/strong> (it\u2019s likely\/unlikely that), <strong>\u00e8 meglio che<\/strong> (it\u2019s better that), <strong>\u00e8 un peccato che<\/strong> (it\u2019s a pity that), <strong>non \u00e8 giusto che<\/strong> (it\u2019s unfair that).<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Examples:<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>\u00e8 un peccato che tu non sia potuta venire<\/strong> (it\u2019s a pity that you weren&#8217;t able to come)<br \/>\n<strong>non \u00e8 giusto che abbia pagato io per tutti<\/strong> (it\u2019s unfair that I had to pay for everyone)<br \/>\n<strong>\u00e8 difficile che Carlo abbia preso il treno delle sei<\/strong> (it\u2019s unlikely that Carlo has caught the six o&#8217;clock train)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">4.<\/span><\/strong> following conjunctions built with <strong>che<\/strong>, to express a possibility or a condition that should have happened in the past, such as <strong>a meno che non<\/strong> (unless), <strong>nel caso che<\/strong> (in case), <strong>a condizione che<\/strong> (on condition that), <strong>purch\u00e9<\/strong> (provided that), <strong>bench\u00e9<\/strong> (even though\/although).<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Examples:<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>gli zucchini sono morti bench\u00e9 io li abbia innaffiati tutti i giorni<\/strong> (the zucchini plants have died even though I watered them every day)<br \/>\n<strong>Giorgio dovrebbe essere arrivato a casa ormai, a meno che il treno non abbia tardato<\/strong> (Giorgio should be at home by now, unless the train was late).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Coming soon &#8230;<strong> Il Congiuntivo Imperfetto.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Edwardian Script ITC,cursive;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><span style=\"font-family: Gabriola,fantasy;\">Alla Prossima! <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/100_6183-350x263.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/100_6183-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/100_6183-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/05\/100_6183.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>So far in this series on the Italian subjunctive we&#8217;ve covered the Present Tense, and Irregular Verbs. Today we&#8217;re going to move on to the slightly more complex congiuntivo passato (perfect subjunctive). Constructing the congiuntivo passato: We construct the congiuntivo passato by using use the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verbs essere (to be) or&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/the-italian-subjunctive-3-perfect-tense\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":14158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[671,474257,474256],"class_list":["post-14142","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-congiuntivo-passato","tag-italian-perfect-subjunctive","tag-the-italian-subjunctive"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14142"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14356,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14142\/revisions\/14356"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}