{"id":19643,"date":"2021-05-14T17:01:34","date_gmt":"2021-05-14T15:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/?p=19643"},"modified":"2021-05-20T19:32:37","modified_gmt":"2021-05-20T17:32:37","slug":"il-futuro-anteriore-the-future-perfect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/italian\/il-futuro-anteriore-the-future-perfect\/","title":{"rendered":"Il Futuro Anteriore – The Future Perfect"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ciao!<\/em><\/p>\n

Last week we talked about il futuro semplice\u00a0<\/em>and this week I’d like to discuss il futuro anteriore<\/em>, or the future perfect in English.<\/p>\n

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Photo from pixababy, CCO.<\/p><\/div>\n

Take this example of the future perfect in English: In three years, I will have succeeded in learning Italian<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Come possiamo dire questa frase in Italiano?<\/em> How can we say this sentence in Italian? Pensaci su<\/em>… think about it:<\/p>\n

Fra tre anni, sar\u00f2 riuscito(a) ad imparare l\u2019italiano!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

__________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

You will notice il\u00a0futuro semplice<\/em> as the ‘auxiliary verb’ (from the latin word auxilium, which means ‘help’) and then the secondary verb in the participio passato<\/em>, the past participle.<\/p>\n

So il futuro anteriore<\/em> is a lot similar to the passato prossimo<\/em> (present perfect) in its construction, the only difference being the auxiliary verb is in il futuro semplice.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u26a0(Need some review of il passato prossimo<\/em>? Check out our blog here<\/a>.) \u26a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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In my example, why is there an ‘o’ and an ‘a’ for the past participle riuscito(a<\/em>)? Just a reminder, just as in the passato prossimo<\/em>, if the auxiliary verb is essere<\/em> it must make agreement with the subject!<\/p>\n

Therefore, if you are male you would say:<\/p>\n

Fra tre anni, sar\u00f2 riuscito ad imparare l\u2019italiano!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

And if you are female you would say:<\/p>\n

Fra tre anni, sar\u00f2 riuscita ad imparare l\u2019italiano!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

For a mixed group of genders or for all male:<\/p>\n

Fra tre anni, saremo riusciti ad imparare l\u2019italiano!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

For a group of all females:<\/p>\n

Fra tre anni, saremo riuscite ad imparare l\u2019italiano!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Let’s look at some more esempi:<\/em><\/h3>\n

Alle otto avremo gi\u00e0 ballato<\/em> – By eight o’clock we will already have danced<\/p>\n

Quando sarai andato(a) via, far\u00f2 la doccia<\/em> – When you will be gone, I will take a shower<\/p>\n

Fra due anni, sar\u00f2 gia laureato(a)<\/em>\u00a0– In two years, I will have already graduated<\/p>\n

Domani a quest’ora Maria sar\u00e0 gi\u00e0 andata via – <\/i>Tomorrow by this time Maria will already be gone<\/p>\n

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When do we use il futuro anteriore<\/em>?<\/h3>\n

The Italian future perfect is used to talk about an action which will have already finished before another action occurs in the future, which is pretty straightforward for an English speaker. But in can also be used in cases to express hypothesis or a doubt about the past.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Example:<\/p>\n

La mia amica non \u00e8 andata al lavoro ieri, sar\u00e0 stata <\/strong>malata <\/em>\u2013 My friend didn\u2019t go to work yesterday, she must have been sick<\/p>\n

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\u26a0There are workarounds to il futuro anteriore\u00a0<\/em>that you will especially hear in casual conversation: \u26a0<\/p>\n

dopo1<\/a><\/sup>after<\/span><\/em> + past infinitive<\/p>\n

Ti dir\u00f2 dopo che avr\u00f2 verificato<\/strong> con la mia amica =\u00a0 Ti dir\u00f2 dopo aver verificato<\/strong> con la mia amica<\/em> – I’ll tell you after checking with my friend<\/p>\n

forse2<\/a><\/sup>maybe<\/span><\/em> + pasatto prossimo<\/p>\n

Marco non \u00e8 venuto alla festa,\u00a0avr\u00e0 cambiato<\/strong> idea = Marco non \u00e8 venuto alla festa, forse ha cambiato idea<\/strong> – <\/em>Marco didn’t come to the party, maybe he changed his mind.<\/p>\n