{"id":144,"date":"2009-11-06T11:01:24","date_gmt":"2009-11-06T15:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/?p=144"},"modified":"2009-11-06T11:01:24","modified_gmt":"2009-11-06T15:01:24","slug":"%e3%81%ab-particle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/%e3%81%ab-particle\/","title":{"rendered":"\u306b Particle"},"content":{"rendered":"

The \u306b<\/strong> particle is a difficult particle to master because it has so many uses. We’ll only take a look at a couple of uses for now, but when we get to the advanced stage of grammar, we’ll talk more about \u306b<\/strong>. In the general sense, you use \u306b<\/strong> when you want to indicate toward who or what the action of the verb is directed to. For example, \u306b<\/strong> can indicate the goal toward which things move. For example in the sentence \u306a\u3054\u3084\u3000\u306b\u3000\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> would mean “I went to Nagoya”. (\u306a\u3054\u3084<\/strong> = Nagoya. \u306b<\/strong> = ni particle. \u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> = went.) Here the \u306b<\/strong> particle takes on the meaning of “to”.<\/p>\n

Now take a look at a sentence like this, \u305d\u3075\u3000\u306b\u3000\u3066\u304c\u307f\u3000\u3092\u3000\u304b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3000<\/strong>which means “[I] wrote a letter to [my] grandpa”. (\u305d\u3075 = <\/strong>grandfather.\u3000\u306b = <\/strong>ni particle.\u3000\u3066\u304c\u307f = <\/strong>letter.\u3000\u3092 = <\/strong>wo particle.\u3000\u304b\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f = <\/strong>wrote). Here the \u306b<\/strong> also means “to” but it’s not used in the sense of direction or place like the example used in “I went to Nagoya”, it’s used as an indirect object marker. Take a look at another sentence, \u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044\u3000\u306b\u3000\u3057\u3085\u304f\u3060\u3044\u3000\u3092\u3000\u3055\u3057\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> which means “I gave the homework to the teacher”. (\u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044<\/strong> = teacher. \u306b<\/strong> = ni particle. \u3057\u3085\u304f\u3060\u3044<\/strong> = homework. \u3092<\/strong> = wo particle. \u3055\u3057\u3042\u3052\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/strong> = gave).<\/p>\n

The example, “I gave the homework to the teacher” is similar to the example “I wrote a letter to my grandfather”. Now we’ll look at another usage for \u306b<\/strong> that is entirely different from the three examples we used. Take a look at a sentence like this, \u3069\u3046\u3088\u3046\u3073\u3000\u306b\u3000\u306a\u304c\u306e\u3000\u306b\u3000\u304b\u3048\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> which means “[I] will not return to Nagano on Saturday.” (\u3069\u3046\u3088\u3046\u3073<\/strong> = Saturday. \u306b<\/strong> = ni particle. \u306a\u304c\u306e<\/strong> = Nagano. \u306b<\/strong> = ni particle. \u304b\u3048\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093<\/strong> = will not). Here there are two \u306b<\/strong> particles. Let’s tackle the\u00a0second \u306b<\/strong> particle that appears in the sentence. The second \u306b<\/strong> serves the function of indicating the goal of movement.<\/p>\n

However the first \u306b<\/strong> serves a different function. The second\u00a0 \u306b<\/strong> serves as a time indicator. In this example, \u3069\u3046\u3088\u3046\u3073<\/strong> was the specific time indicator. The same goes for this sentence, \u3057\u3061\u3058\u3000\u306b\u3000\u305f\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/strong> or “[I] will eat at seven o’clock”. (\u3057\u3061\u3058<\/strong> = seven o’clock. \u306b<\/strong> = ni particle. \u305f\u3079\u307e\u3059<\/strong> = will eat.) Here \u3057\u3061\u3058<\/strong> was the indication of time. Now there are certain time expressions in which people don’t normally use \u306b<\/strong>. For example, words like \u304d\u3087\u3046<\/strong> and \u3042\u3057\u305f<\/strong> are not followed by \u306b<\/strong>. (\u304d\u3087\u3046<\/strong> = today. \u3042\u3057\u305f<\/strong> = tomorrow)\u00a0However, some people do use \u306b<\/strong> after words like \u3042\u3055<\/strong> and \u3088\u308b<\/strong>. (\u3042\u3055<\/strong> = morning. \u3088\u308b<\/strong> = night.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The \u306b particle is a difficult particle to master because it has so many uses. We’ll only take a look at a couple of uses for now, but when we get to the advanced stage of grammar, we’ll talk more about \u306b. In the general sense, you use \u306b when you want to indicate toward…<\/p>\n

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