{"id":7040,"date":"2021-10-16T03:33:59","date_gmt":"2021-10-16T03:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/?p=7040"},"modified":"2021-10-16T03:33:59","modified_gmt":"2021-10-16T03:33:59","slug":"the-dictionary-as-a-mirror-of-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/the-dictionary-as-a-mirror-of-time\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dictionary as a Mirror of Time"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_7041\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7041\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7041\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-350x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7041\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/stocksnap-894430\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=698538\">StockSnap<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=698538\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>One of the largest Japanese dictionaries (\u8f9e\u66f8 jisho) is published from Sanseido. It is the most popular one.\u00a0 It was first published in 1960, and it has been edited periodically to add or delete words.\u00a0 The dictionary was updated this year after 8 years.<\/p>\n<p>Language is alive and it is changing all the time whether you like it or not.\u00a0 Dictionaries must reflect these changes.\u00a0 So publishers must look at their dictionaries periodically. Sankyu Tatsuo, a Japanese linguist and a comedian, writes \u201cLanguage changes reflecting time. So correct Japanese does not exist.\u00a0 This notion is shared by linguists (\u8a00\u8a9e\u5b66\u8005 gengogakusha) for Japanese, and Japanese linguists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u7b2c1\u8a71\u300c\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u300d\u7279\u5225\u4f01\u753b \u30b5\u30f3\u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30c4\u30aa\u3055\u3093\u00d7\u6f81\u8c37\u6893\u5e0c\u3055\u3093 \u300c\u8f9e\u66f8\u3063\u3066\u3053\u3093\u306a\u306b\u9762\u767d\u3044\uff01\u300d\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zMNbSJCWcjA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7051\" style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7051\" class=\" wp-image-7051\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-233x350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-233x350.jpg 233w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-681x1024.jpg 681w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-768x1154.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-1022x1536.jpg 1022w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-1363x2048.jpg 1363w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/pariwat-pannium-zh5Qv_gAMs0-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1704w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@pariwatt?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">pariwat pannium<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@pariwatt?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Each publisher (\u51fa\u7248\u793eshuppansha)chooses which words to include and eliminate based on their philosophy, and that has resulted in the uniqueness of each dictionary.\u00a0 Some publishers value prescriptivism (\u898f\u7bc4\u4e3b\u7fa9 kihan shugi), while others may value descriptivism (\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u00a0kijyutsu shugi). That may be one of the reasons why the Sanseido dictionary is most popular among all dictionaries.<\/p>\n<p>According to Asahi Shinbun, the Sanseido dictionary values descriptivism, and it did add 3500 words in the 8th edition to be published in 12\/2021. \u00a0So let\u2019s look at some words that have been chosen for entry.<\/p>\n<p>Added New Words<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-7\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-7 aligncenter\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">New Japanese Words<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Yomigana<\/th><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><th class=\"column-4\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30a2\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30d5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">arafifu<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">around 50 years old<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">about 50 years old<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30a6\u30a7\u30d3\u30ca\u30fc <\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">webinar<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">social distance<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30f3\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">essential worker<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30c8\u30d4\u30a2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">dystopia<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30e9\u30b9\u30dc\u30b9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">rasubosu<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">last boss<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">the strongest enemy in the last stage of computer games: a person who has the feel of the last boss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u53d7\u3051\u5b50<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ukeko<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">a person who is in charge of receiving money from a victim in frauds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u3044\u3044\u306d<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">iine<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">LIKE<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Like as in social media, such as Facebook or Twitter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u9670\u30ad\u30e3 <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">inkya<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">a person who is gloomy in character<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30de\u30ea\u30c8\u30c3\u30c4\u30a9<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Maritozzo<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">an Italian sweet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u5165\u308b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">zo-n ni hairu<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">get into the zone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u304d\u3085\u3093\u304d\u3085\u3093\u3059\u308b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">kyun kyun suru<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">my heart skips a beat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u9ed9\u98df \u3059\u308b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">mokushoku suru<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">eat in silence to prevent COVID-19 from spreading<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-7 from cache -->\n<p>Added New Meaning<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-8\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-8 aligncenter\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Japanese<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Yomigana<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Original meaning in English<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">New meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u5869<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">shio<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">salt<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">as in \u5869\u5bfe\u5fdc (shio taio), meaning unfriendly cold response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u5de3\u3054\u3082\u308a<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sugomori<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">nesting<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">as in \u5de3\u3054\u3082\u308a\u6d88\u8cbb (sugomori shohi)\u3001meaning stay-at-home consumption<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">rimo-to<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">remote<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">as in \u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u98f2\u307f\u4f1a\uff08rimo-to nomikai), a drinking party on Zoom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u5fd6\u5ea6\u3059\u308b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sontaku suru<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">be considerate to the other party's feeling (positive)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Assume one's senior's judgement, and act based on the assumption blindly to be liked (negative)<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-8 from cache -->\n<p>On the other hand, 1700 words have been deleted.<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-9\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-9 aligncenter\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Japanese word<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Yomigana<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">English meaning<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u643a\u5e2f\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">keitai me-ru<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">cell phone mail<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">also called carrier mail. Email specially provided by cell phone carriers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30b3\u30ae\u30e3\u30eb<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">kogyaru<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">a popular word in the 1990s, referring to middle and high school girls with dyed hair and mini-skirts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30b9\u30c3\u30c1\u30fc<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">succhie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">nickname for \"stewardess\"<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">female flight attendant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u7740\u30e1\u30ed<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">chaku mero<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">ringtone<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u901a\u4fe1 <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">pasokon tsushin<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Personal computer communication<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">a closed network, while the Internet is an open network.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u30df\u30cb\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">mini disc<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">MiniDisc (MD)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">a magneto-optical disc-based data storage developed by Sony in 1991.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-9 from cache -->\n<p>As you might have figured out, most new words are related to computers and COVID-19, while deleted words related to old technologies and trendy words such as \u30b3\u30ae\u30e3\u30eb. Some trendy words were used so much that they became stale and uncool, resulting in becoming obsolete (\u5ec3\u308c\u305f sutareta). \u30b9\u30c3\u30c1\u30fc means a stewardess, which only refers to a female cabin attendant.\u00a0 The word stewardess was replaced by a flight attendant socially, and the word \u30b9\u30c3\u30c1\u30fcdisappeared.<\/p>\n<p>Not many people may use actual dictionaries and many opt to use the internet to look up words. But if you have time, it is really fun to read an actual dictionary, aimlessly going word after word.\u00a0 Highly recommended!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-350x233.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/10\/dictionary-698538_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>One of the largest Japanese dictionaries (\u8f9e\u66f8 jisho) is published from Sanseido. It is the most popular one.\u00a0 It was first published in 1960, and it has been edited periodically to add or delete words.\u00a0 The dictionary was updated this year after 8 years. Language is alive and it is changing all the time whether&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/the-dictionary-as-a-mirror-of-time\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":173,"featured_media":7041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3,138,505759],"tags":[550913,550915,550917,550916,550918,550914],"class_list":["post-7040","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-slang","category-vocabulary","tag-dictionary","tag-linguist","tag-new-meaning","tag-new-word","tag-obsolete","tag-revision"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/173"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7040"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7055,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7040\/revisions\/7055"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}