{"id":168,"date":"2009-12-10T20:09:45","date_gmt":"2009-12-11T00:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/korean\/?p=168"},"modified":"2009-12-10T20:09:45","modified_gmt":"2009-12-11T00:09:45","slug":"deferential-polite-past-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/korean\/deferential-polite-past-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Deferential Polite Past Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"

What happens when you have an \uc774\ub2e4<\/strong> copula ending in the deferential polite past tense? Let’s say there’s a sentence like this, “\ud559\uc0dd\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>“. (\ud559\uc0dd<\/strong> = student. \uc774\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> = deferential polite past of \uc774\ub2e4<\/strong>.) In English this would mean, “I was a student”. Now with a phrase like this, “\ud559\uad50\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>“, it would mean “It was a school.” (\ud559\uad50<\/strong> = school. \uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> = deferential polite past of \uc774\ub2e4<\/strong>.) The reason why \ud559\uc0dd<\/strong> ends in \uc774\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> and \ud559\uad50<\/strong> ends in \uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> is because \ud559\uc0dd<\/strong> ends in a consonant and \ud559\uad50<\/strong> ends in a vowel. You can also use the\u00a0negative of the deferential polite past tense with the ending \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

So using the examples above, you can say “\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>” or “\ud559\uad50\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>“. (\uc774<\/strong>\/\uac00<\/strong> = subject marking particle. \uc774<\/strong> = used after a consonant. \uac00<\/strong> = used after a vowel.) In English this would mean “I was not a student” and “It was not a school”. You can also turn \uc788\ub2e4<\/strong> into the deferential polite past tense by using the \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> ending. Let’s take a look at this sentence, “\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>“, which means “The students were at school”. (\ud559\uad50<\/strong> = school. \uc5d0<\/strong> = locative particle. \ud559\uc0dd<\/strong> = student. \ub4e4<\/strong> = plural marker. \uc774<\/strong> = subject marker. \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> = were.)<\/p>\n

Also, \uc5c6\ub2e4<\/strong> (to be not here) in the deferential polite past tense will be \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>. So the sentence \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> will mean, “The students were not at school”. The past deferential polite tense of \ub4e3\ub2e4<\/strong> (to hear\/listen) is \ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>. So what would be the deferential polite tense of \ub2eb\ub2e4<\/strong> (to close)? It would be \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>. Remember that not all \u3137<\/strong> ending verbs will change to a \u3139<\/strong>. Also, since, \ub2eb\ub2e4<\/strong> ends in\u00a0the \uc544<\/strong>\u00a0vowel, it will have an \uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> ending instead of the \uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> ending of \ub4e3\ub2e4<\/strong>. Depending on the meaning of \ubb3b\ub2e4<\/strong> (to ask\/to bury) it will be \ubb3c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>\u00a0or \ubb3b\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The same goes for the \u3139 <\/strong>ending verbs. \uc5f4\ub2e4<\/strong> will be \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong> and \ud314\ub2e4<\/strong> will be \ud314\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>. For a more detailed explanation on these small grammar points please read the post on November eighteen titled, “Standard Polite Past Tense”. Knowing the endings of the standard polite past tense will help greatly in understanding the deferential polite past tense, so for more information take a look at that post.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What happens when you have an \uc774\ub2e4 copula ending in the deferential polite past tense? Let’s say there’s a sentence like this, “\ud559\uc0dd\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4“. (\ud559\uc0dd = student. \uc774\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 = deferential polite past of \uc774\ub2e4.) In English this would mean, “I was a student”. Now with a phrase like this, “\ud559\uad50\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4“, it would mean “It was a…<\/p>\n

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