{"id":1265,"date":"2011-12-29T22:16:25","date_gmt":"2011-12-29T22:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=1265"},"modified":"2021-08-05T19:18:34","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T19:18:34","slug":"christmas-carols-and-latin-verbs-in-imperative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/christmas-carols-and-latin-verbs-in-imperative\/","title":{"rendered":"Christmas carols and Latin verbs in imperative"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>When we are in Christmas I remember my childhood (probably the same happens to most of you who were grown up in christian countries). We used to eat, drink and sing a lot \ud83d\ude42 and one of the most famous Christmas carols was and still is <em>Adeste Fidele<\/em>s (&#8220;Oh Come, All Ye Faithful&#8221; in Anglo-Saxon countries, &#8220;Venid Fieles&#8221; in Spanish-speaking countries, etc). As most popular songs, its origins are uncertain, but it is usually known as the Portuguese Hymn because it used to be sung at the Portuguese embassy in London in the late eighteenth century. The original verses in Latin were 4, but later they added four verses more, and nowadays this last version with 8 verses is the most popular.<\/p>\n<p>Here you can read one of the Latin versions, anyways you can find more, but this is closest to the original one:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong><em>Adeste Fideles<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Adeste fideles, laeti triunfantes,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>venite, venite in Bethlehem.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Natum videte Regem angelorum,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>venite adoremus, venite adoremus,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Dominum.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>En grege relicto humiles ad cunas<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>vocati pastores aproperant. Et nos<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>ovanti gradu festinemus. Venite<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>adoremus&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Aeterni Parentis splendorem aeternum<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>velatum sub carne videbimus, Deum<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>infantem pannis involutum, Venite<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>adoremus&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Pro nobis egenum et foeno cubantem<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>piis foveamus amplexibus; sic nos<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>amantem quis nos redamaret? Venite<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>adoremus&#8230;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" dir=\"ltr\">Here you can enjoy the English version of this Christmas carol with a funny video:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Adeste Fideles\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/2675786?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Adeste<\/strong> fideles<\/em>\u00a0means &#8220;Come faithful&#8221; and as you know, in this case the verb is in present, 2nd. person plural and <strong>imperative<\/strong> form. In Latin, imperative has only two tenses: present and future. The verb in infinitive is <em>adesse <\/em>(<em>adsum, ades, adesse, adfui<\/em>) and it means to atend. <em><strong>Venite<\/strong><\/em>, the oft-repeated word, is also a clear example of imperative formverb. The verb is <em>venio, venis, venire, veni, ventum <\/em>and it means to come.\u00a0<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>PRESENT IMPERATIVE (active voice)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Only has 2nd person (singular and plural). Singular form usually is formed by the <strong>root<\/strong> of the verb and in some cases you must add <strong>-e<\/strong>. Plural form adds <strong>-te<\/strong> to the verb root.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>1st conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2nd conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3rd conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4th conj.\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>2nd person singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mitt<strong>e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>2nd person plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<strong>te<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<strong>te<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mitti<strong>te<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<strong>te<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>FUTURE IMPERATIVE (active voice)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Has 2nd and 3rd persons (singular and plural). It was commonly used in laws. Second and third person singular forms are formed by the root of the verb + <strong>-to<\/strong>. 2nd person plural adds<strong> -tote <\/strong>to the verb&#8217;s root. Third person plural adds <strong>-nto<\/strong> or <strong>-unto<\/strong> to the root.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>1st conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2nd conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3rd conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4th conj.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>2nd person singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mitti<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>3rd person singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mitti<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<strong>to<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>2nd person plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<strong>tote<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<strong>tote<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mitti<strong>tote<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<strong>tote<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>3rd person plural\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Lauda<strong>nto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Habe<strong>nto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Mittit<strong>unto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Audi<strong>unto<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It can be expressed\u00a0by the verb\u00a0<strong>nolle<\/strong>\u00a0(not wanting to) <strong>+\u00a0infinitive<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>You can also\u00a0express\u00a0<strong>ne\u00a0+ 2nd\u00a0person singular or\u00a0plural\u00a0of the perfect\u00a0subjunctive<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<em>Ne feceris \/ ne feceritis<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0(2nd person s.\/pl.) Do not<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<em>Ne dixeris \/ ne dixeritis<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0(2nd person s.\/pl.) Do not say<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>With <strong>1st<\/strong> and <strong>3rd persons<\/strong>, you can use <strong>ne + present subjunctive<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><em>\u00a0Ne dicamus <\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0(1st person pl.) Do not say<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">\u00a0<em>Ne dicat \/ ne dicant\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0(3rd person s.\/pl.) Do not say<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Prohibition\u00a0may also be expressed\u00a0as a\u00a0periphrasis\u00a0with the <strong>imperative<\/strong>\u00a0of a <strong>prohibitive verb\u00a0or\u00a0mandate with negation<\/strong>, and\u00a0the <strong>prohibited action\u00a0as its\u00a0direct object<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><em>\u00a0Fac ne quid aliud cures\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Do not worry about anything else<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There is also the passive voice of the imperative verbs,\u00a0but we will return to this\u00a0issue\u00a0in an upcoming post \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When we are in Christmas I remember my childhood (probably the same happens to most of you who were grown up in christian countries). We used to eat, drink and sing a lot \ud83d\ude42 and one of the most famous Christmas carols was and still is Adeste Fideles (&#8220;Oh Come, All Ye Faithful&#8221; in&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/christmas-carols-and-latin-verbs-in-imperative\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[60846,43,83,99],"class_list":["post-1265","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-carol","tag-christmas","tag-imperative","tag-latin"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1265"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5070,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1265\/revisions\/5070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}