{"id":1701,"date":"2012-03-28T14:58:58","date_gmt":"2012-03-28T14:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=1701"},"modified":"2021-08-05T19:19:40","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T19:19:40","slug":"latin-literature-vii-oratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/latin-literature-vii-oratory\/","title":{"rendered":"Latin literature VII: Oratory"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>The oratory was for the ancient the art of persuading people through speaking correctly. His teaching and techniques are called rhetoric. In Rome, following the models of classical Athens, oratory took on enormous importance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>From the 2nd century BC. Rome hosted a large number of Greek rhetoricians, while some Romans traveled to Greece to learn the techniques of public speaking. At this time the most brilliant speeches were uttered in the Senate, the real decision-making center of public life in Rome, where the capacity of persuasion in the exercise of oratory was decisive for the political success of a Roman.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>The careful and educated diction gave rise to many of the literary tropes that we know, which nowadays are also called figures of speech. Because of these figures oratory is one of the most difficult and elaborate literary genres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><strong>Oratory<\/strong> speeches are usually classified into <strong>three types<\/strong>: <strong>deliberative<\/strong>, which tries to convince someone to do or not do something; <strong>judicial<\/strong>, which defends the innocence or guilt of someone and the <strong>demonstrative<\/strong>, which consists on praising or criticizing someone.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Latin rhetoric in popular culture\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/17374236?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>The most illustrious and representative was certainly <strong>Cicero<\/strong> (106 &#8211; 43 BC.) who wrote many speeches. Among his speeches we can find the <em>Catilinariae<\/em>, a set of three speeches delivered in the Senate in the year of his consulate (63 BC.). After the death of Cicero no speaker would reach its high level again. But we should also highlight a Hispanic,<strong> Seneca the Elder<\/strong> (55 BC. &#8211; 40 AD.), father of the famous philosopher. He wrote some speeches as an exercise to teach the art of oratory called <em>Controversiae<\/em> (controversies) and <em>Suasoriae<\/em> (dissuasive discourses). Orators continued existing until the end of the Latin times.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>Since the year 81 BC., when\u00a0<em>Rhetorica ad Herennium<\/em> (unknown author) was published, there were produced many manuals in Latin which formed the basis of this literary genre that became central to the literature and development of Rome itself. <strong>Cicero<\/strong> wrote several works (<em>De oratore<\/em> &#8220;On the speaker,&#8221; <em>Orator<\/em>&#8230;) involving manuals of oratory, based on Greek rhetoric.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>With the advent of<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the<\/span> Empire the <span class=\"hps\">importance of the Senate<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">declined<span class=\"hps\">and with it the<\/span><span class=\"hps\"> oratory<\/span><span>, which had<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">reached the<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">summit<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">of the genre with<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Cicero<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">in Rome<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">and Demosthenes<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">in Athens<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">(fourth century<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">BC.<\/span><span>) But the<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">oratory<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">remained in the<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">top of<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the formation<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">of every citizen, m<\/span><span class=\"hps\">ajor cities<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">had<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">schools<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">of rhetoric.<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">In<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">Rome<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">at the time of<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the Flavian emperors they<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">teached<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the<\/span><span lang=\"en\"> rhetoric of <strong>Quintilian<\/strong><\/span><span>, who<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">composed<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">a very important work:<\/span> <span lang=\"en\"><em>Institutio oratoria<\/em> (Instruction<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">of a<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">speaker),<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">it was the culmination of<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the treatises on<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">rhetoric<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">written in Latin,<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">and one of<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the first<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">books<\/span> with a <span class=\"hps\">clear<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">teaching vocation<\/span><span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"hps\">The last major<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">treatise<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">is <strong>Tacitus&#8217;<\/strong><\/span><span>, the historian<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">of the late<\/span>\u00a01st century AD<span class=\"hps\">.<\/span><span>, who<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">made \u200b\u200bup<\/span> <span class=\"hps\">the <em>Dialogus oratoribus<\/em><\/span><span class=\"hps\">.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The oratory was for the ancient the art of persuading people through speaking correctly. His teaching and techniques are called rhetoric. In Rome, following the models of classical Athens, oratory took on enormous importance. From the 2nd century BC. Rome hosted a large number of Greek rhetoricians, while some Romans traveled to Greece to learn&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/latin-literature-vii-oratory\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691,60854],"tags":[60874,99,3746,60873],"class_list":["post-1701","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-latin-language","category-roman-culture","tag-cicero","tag-latin","tag-latin-literature","tag-oratory"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1701"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5072,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1701\/revisions\/5072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}