{"id":1737,"date":"2012-04-09T14:52:26","date_gmt":"2012-04-09T14:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=1737"},"modified":"2014-08-21T17:51:52","modified_gmt":"2014-08-21T17:51:52","slug":"pronominal-morphology-personal-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/pronominal-morphology-personal-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Pronominal morphology & Personal pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

What are pronouns?<\/h2>\n

Traditionally pronouns<\/strong> are defined as words that are used in place of the name. However, this definition is unsatisfactory, in a phrases like:<\/p>\n

I will go to the movies tomorrow<\/em><\/p>\n

What name replaces “I<\/em>“? It is obvious that it does no replace any name. ‘I<\/em>‘ is a first-person morpheme that indicates the issuer of the statement.<\/p>\n

In addition, there are other kind of words that can replace the name, as the adjective used as a noun. If we want a tighter definition of pronoun<\/strong>, we can say that they are the words that have one or more of the following functions:<\/p>\n

Morpheme function<\/strong>: the pronouns can express grammatical ideas that are expressed by morphemes. Is the primary function of personal pronouns: ego<\/em>, tu<\/em>… express the grammatical idea of first and second person singular, respectively, which is exactly what make the personal endings -m<\/em>, -s<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Deictic function<\/strong>: pronouns can point to objects in space. Is the main function of demonstratives (hic, iste, ille<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Phoric function<\/strong>: pronouns can point grammatical units within the text. In Latin we have a phoric pronoun itself (is, ea, id<\/em>), but other pronouns also have this function (for example, the reflexive, which always refers to the subject of the sentence).<\/p>\n

Emphatic function<\/strong>: it is the value of certain pleonastic pronouns, its ability to emphasize meanings already known. Latin has a pronoun almost exclusively emphatic (ipse, ipsa, ipsum<\/em>) but also other pronouns may do this function.<\/p>\n

As mentioned, these functions may appear simultaneously in each type of pronoun, and is what allows us to speak with certainty of such words.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Personal pronouns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Number<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Case<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1st person
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2nd person
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reflexive<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Singular<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nom.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ego<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

tu<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Accus.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

me<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

te<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

se<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Genit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

mei<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

tui<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

sui<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Dat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

mihi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

tibi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

sibi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ablat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

me,
\nmecum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

te,
\ntecum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

se,
\nsecum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Number<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Case<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1st person
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2nd person
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Reflexive<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Plural<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nom.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nos<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

uos<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Accus.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nos<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

uos<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

se<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Genit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nostri,
\nnostrum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

uestri,
\nuestrum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

sui<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Dat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nobis<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

uobis<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

sibi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ablat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

nobis,
\nnobiscum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

uobis,
\nuobiscum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

se,
\nsecum<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Its basic function is morphemic function<\/strong>: they mark the category of person. But they also have an emphatic function<\/strong>, because the person is already indicated by morphemes, this function is sometimes emphasized by the addition of particles to pronouns (temet, egomet …<\/em>), or by reduplication (tete, meme, sese<\/em>), or even the appearance of the emphatic pronoun next to the personal pronoun (mihi ipsi<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Only the pronouns of 1st and 2nd person are strictly personal. For creating third person personal pronouns Latin uses the phoric (is<\/em>) or demonstrative pronouns (hic, iste, ille<\/em> -we will explain them later-).<\/p>\n

Genitive plural<\/strong> forms of<\/em> nostrum <\/em><\/strong>and vestrum<\/em><\/strong> are used with partitive meaning<\/strong> (eg: nemo vestrum<\/em> = none of you), while nostri<\/strong><\/em> and vestri<\/em><\/strong> forms are used without this meaning.<\/p>\n

When the cum<\/em><\/strong> preposition accompanies these pronouns is postponed, along with the pronominal form itself.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CwDY1JBDwKA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

What are pronouns? Traditionally pronouns are defined as words that are used in place of the name. However, this definition is unsatisfactory, in a phrases like: I will go to the movies tomorrow What name replaces “I“? It is obvious that it does no replace any name. ‘I‘ is a first-person morpheme that indicates the…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":1758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[99,60862,60861,60883,2381,127],"class_list":["post-1737","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-latin","tag-latin-grammar","tag-latin-language-2","tag-morphology","tag-personal-pronouns","tag-pronouns"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1737"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3397,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1737\/revisions\/3397"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}