{"id":1804,"date":"2012-04-23T15:03:58","date_gmt":"2012-04-23T15:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=1804"},"modified":"2014-08-21T17:51:26","modified_gmt":"2014-08-21T17:51:26","slug":"phoric-emphatic-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/phoric-emphatic-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Phoric & emphatic pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"

Phoric pronouns<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

Singular<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Plural<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Masculine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Masculine<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nominative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

is<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ea<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

id<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ei (ii)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eae<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ea<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Accusative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eam<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

id<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eos<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eas<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ea<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Genitive<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eius<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eorum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

earum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eorum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Dative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ei<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eis (iis)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ablative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eo<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ea<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eo<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eis (iis)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

As the name suggests, its main function<\/a> is the phoric: it is used to point attention to something that has already been appointed (anaphoric) or something that will be appointed (cataphoric).<\/p>\n

But it can also present an emphatic function, especially when it amounts to adjectives talis, tantus<\/em> … as a correlate of a consecutive sentence:<\/p>\n

Non sum is<\/span> qui morte terrear <\/em>= I am not such a person<\/span> that death terrifies me<\/p>\n

Lacking Latin language of third person personal pronouns<\/a>, is<\/em> pronoun may fulfill this function:<\/p>\n

Eum<\/span> vidi<\/em> = I saw him<\/p>\n

The is<\/em> phoric pronoun is used, in genitive, as a possessive non-reflexive (when the holder is not the subject of the sentence):<\/p>\n

Hannibal cum Romanis pugnavit eorum<\/span>que exercitum vicit<\/em> = Hannibal fought the Romans and defeated their<\/span> (Roman) army<\/p>\n

Is<\/em> pronoun is frequently used as antecedent of relative. If the verb of the relative clause appears in the subjunctive, the value of is<\/em> is emphatic. If the verb of the relative clause is in the indicative, is purely a phoric pronoun:<\/p>\n

E civibus eligi debet is qui<\/span> civibus imperaturus est<\/em> = it must be chosen from among citizens who will rule the citizens<\/p>\n

\n

Emphatic pronouns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

Singular<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Plural<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Masculine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Masculine<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nominative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ipse<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsi<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsae<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Accusative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ipsum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsam<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsos<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsas<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Genitive<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ipsius<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsorum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsarum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsorum<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Dative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ipsi<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsis<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ablative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

ipso<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsa<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipso<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

ipsis<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

As the name suggests, its main function is emphatic<\/a>: it reinforces the grammatical unit that enters. It means ‘self’ or ‘own’:<\/p>\n

Ipse vidi<\/em> = I saw it myself<\/p>\n

Ipse dixisti<\/em> = You said it yourself<\/p>\n

Medice, cura te ipsum<\/em> = Doctor, heal yourself<\/p>\n

It is sometimes used as third person pronoun, pointing the original value of opposition that this pronoun had:<\/p>\n

Caesar milites in proxima municipia deducit; ipse<\/span> ad urbem proficiscitur<\/em> = Caesar led his troops to nearby towns, he, for his part<\/span>, departed to Rome<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Phoric-emphatic pronouns<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

Singular<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Plural<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Masculine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Masculine
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Feminine<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Neuter<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Nominative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

idem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eadem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

idem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eidem (iidem)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eaedem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eadem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Accusative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eundem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eandem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

idem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eosdem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

easdem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eadem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Genitive<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\n

eiusdem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eorundem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

earundem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eorundem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Dative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eidem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eisdem (iisdem)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Ablative<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\n

eodem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eadem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eodem<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

eisdem (iisdem)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Also called pronoun of identity, it has the phoric function (pointing to something that has already been mentioned in the text) and emphatic function (reinforce the designated subject). His translation is ‘the same, same …’<\/p>\n

Omnes eadem porta intraverant = they all went through the same door<\/p>\n

Is formed like the phoric pronoun (with slight phonetic changes) plus the invariable particle dem<\/em> (which emphasizes the idea of \u200b\u200bidentity [~ ‘precisely’]).<\/p>\n

Is often used to add a new qualification to a noun, similar or opposite:<\/p>\n

Vir honestissimus idemque doctissimus<\/em> = a very honest man and also very wise<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Phoric pronouns   Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative is ea id ei (ii) eae ea Accusative eum eam id eos eas ea Genitive eius eorum earum eorum Dative ei eis (iis) Ablative eo ea eo eis (iis)   As the name suggests, its main function is the phoric: it is used…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[60889,99,60862,60861,60888],"class_list":["post-1804","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-emphatic-pronouns","tag-latin","tag-latin-grammar","tag-latin-language-2","tag-phoric-pronouns"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t