{"id":2002,"date":"2012-08-31T13:35:40","date_gmt":"2012-08-31T13:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=2002"},"modified":"2012-08-31T13:35:40","modified_gmt":"2012-08-31T13:35:40","slug":"syntax-genitive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/syntax-genitive\/","title":{"rendered":"Syntax: genitive"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The genitive is, firstly, the <strong>complement of the noun<\/strong> (it means that a noun determines another noun), but it still mantains some uses in Latin as a verb complement.<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2>Possessive genitive<\/h2>\n<p>It expresses possession of something and, rarely, the thing possessed:<\/p>\n<p><em>Ager <strong>patris<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>A person&#8217;s name in genitive complementing another person&#8217;s name was the way to express kinship (wife, son, etc..) or belongings (slaves):<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hectoris<\/strong> Andromacha, &#8216;Andromaca, Hector&#8217;s wife&#8217;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Palin\u016brus <strong>Phaedrom\u012b<\/strong> , &#8216;Palinuro, Fedromo&#8217;s slave&#8217;<\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<h2>Quality genitive<\/h2>\n<p>Alternating with ablative, genitive is used to indicate the qualities of a noun. It appears frequently accompanied by an adjective such as\u00a0<em>magnus, maximus, tantus<\/em>:<em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hom\u014d <strong>magnae virt\u016btis<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Explanatory genitive<\/h2>\n<p>Also called appositional genitive, this genitive needs the meaning of another noun with a wider significance:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Virtus <strong>iustitiae<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Urbs <strong>R\u014dmae<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Partitive genitive<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Thiss genitive expresses the whole of which a part is extracted. Therefore, it usually accompanies nouns, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns expressing quantity or measure in some sense. We can find it as a complement to:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<ul>\n<li>nouns expressing quantity or measure:<em> pars <strong>hostium <\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>superlative adjectives: <em>optimus <strong>civium<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>pronouns:<em> quis <strong>nostrum<\/strong>?<\/em>, <em>n\u0113m\u014d <strong>vestrum<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>Adverbs: <em>satis <strong>eloquentiae<\/strong>, multum <strong>pec\u016bniae<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<h2>Subjective and objective genitive<\/h2>\n<p>This two kind of genitives are usually accompanying <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/non-personal-verbal-forms\/\">verbal nouns<\/a>. If the genitive is the subject of the verbal action it is called subjective genitive:<\/p>\n<div><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adventus <strong>Caesaris<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>if, on the contrary, it represents the object of the verbal action it is called objective genitive:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cupidit\u0101s <strong>regni<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Sometimes you must look to the context o help you to determine if it is a subjective or objective genitive.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h2>Genitive as a verb complement<\/h2>\n<p>We defined genitive as the case of the name complement. However, we can find some uses of Latin genitive as verb complement, some believe that these genitives were not verbal complements, but complements of a noun that they did not say so, but it was implied:<\/p>\n<div><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Memin\u012b <strong>tu\u012b<\/strong> &lt; *memin\u012b memoriam tu\u012b<\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Anyway, this genitive case is found in Latin as a complement of certain verbs, and here is what we are going to describe:<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Verbs of memory and forgetting: <em><strong>v\u012bv\u014drum<\/strong> memin\u012b, obl\u012bviscitur <strong>nostr\u012b<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Verbs of plenty and deprivation: <em>impl\u0113re <strong>aquae purae<\/strong>, <strong>auxili\u012b<\/strong> eg\u0113re<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">Estimation verbs (estimation and pricegenitive ): normally this genitive is a neutral adjective: <em><strong>multi<\/strong> aestim\u0101re<\/em>, <em><strong>magn\u012b<\/strong> facere, <strong>min\u014dris<\/strong> v\u0113ndere<\/em>. The price can also be expressed in ablative.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Impersonal verbs of feeling: impersonal verbs as <em>miseret<\/em> (to have pity on), <em>paenitet<\/em> (to regret, to be sorry), <em>taedet<\/em> (to be tired), <em>piget<\/em> (to sadden, to be burden), <em>pudet<\/em> (to be ashamed have the person affected by the feeling in accusative and the cause of the feeling in genitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Miseret m\u0113 <strong>fratris<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u0113 civit\u0101tis<strong> m\u014drum<\/strong> pudet taedetque<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Judicial verbs: verbs meaning &#8216;accuse, condemn, acquit&#8217;, etc., have the complement that expresses the offense or the punishment in genitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Acc\u016bs\u0101re <strong>pr\u014dditi\u014dnis<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Damn\u0101re <strong>capitis<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The genitive is, firstly, the complement of the noun (it means that a noun determines another noun), but it still mantains some uses in Latin as a verb complement. Possessive genitive It expresses possession of something and, rarely, the thing possessed: Ager patris A person&#8217;s name in genitive complementing another person&#8217;s name was the way&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/syntax-genitive\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[1083,60861,235612],"class_list":["post-2002","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-genitive","tag-latin-language-2","tag-latin-syntax"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2002"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2002\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2010,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2002\/revisions\/2010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}