{"id":2012,"date":"2012-09-13T09:16:24","date_gmt":"2012-09-13T09:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=2012"},"modified":"2014-08-21T18:21:39","modified_gmt":"2014-08-21T18:21:39","slug":"syntax-dative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/syntax-dative\/","title":{"rendered":"Syntax: dative"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dative is the case of the indirect object. It\u00a0 is used to designate the person or thing concerned by the verbal action. From this overall view we will explain the specific uses that we can find in Latin: dative of interest, dative of purpose and double dative. The dative does not only work as a\u00a0 verbal complement, but it also can be adnominal dative, accompanying nouns or adjectives, with the same meaning as verbal complements.<\/p>\n<h2>Dative of interest<\/h2>\n<p>It is the basic and general notion of the dative case, and expresses the person interested in the verbal action, either because of receiving a benefit (<em>dativus commodi<\/em>) or suffering damage (<em>dativus incommodi<\/em>):<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tibi<\/strong> aras, <strong>tibi<\/strong> seris, <strong>tibi<\/strong> metes<\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tibi<\/strong>, n\u014dn <strong>mihi<\/strong>, err\u0101s<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All other dative cases are derived from this dative of interest, herewe will briefly review some of these specific uses:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Possessive dative<\/strong>: it complements the verb <em>sum <\/em>(to be)<em>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Liber est <strong>mihi<\/strong> = <\/em>I have a book<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Agent dative<\/strong>: the dative case expresses the agent complement with passive periphrastic conjugation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Liber legendus est <strong>mihi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>Dativus iudicantis <\/strong><\/em>or relation dative:\u00a0expresses the person for whom it is true what it is being stated<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em> Cynthia form\u014dsa est <strong>mult\u012bs<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ethical dative<\/strong>: it is the dative of personal pronouns which express a special sentimental value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quid <strong>tibi<\/strong> v\u012bs?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Dative of purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Usually referred to things (not to people), the purpose dative expresses the target of the verbal action, ie. the concept that is particularly involved or &#8216;interested&#8217; in the verbal action:<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Auxili\u014d<\/strong> currere<\/em> = run in aid<\/p>\n<p>The dative expressing purpose has the same meaning of complement <em>quo<\/em>, and therefore coexists with other ways to express the same complement: a<em>d aetatem agundam\/aetati agundae<\/em>. And in the same way, in some contexts it can have a local meaning (direction dative):<\/p>\n<p><em> It clamor <strong>cael\u014d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Double dative<\/h2>\n<p>The double dative is the simultaneous occurrence of of a dative of interest and a dative of purpose as complements of the same verb. This is common with verbs like <em>mittere<\/em> (to send), <em>venire<\/em> (to come, to arrive), <em>relinquere<\/em> (to leave) and with the verb <em>sum<\/em> (to be):<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 Caesar quinque cohort\u0113s <strong>castr\u012bs praesidi\u014d<\/strong> relinquit.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Caesaris adventus <strong>militibus gaudi\u014d<\/strong> fuit.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"213\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2012\/09\/Ostia_Roma.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image tmp-hide-img\" alt=\"Ostia (Rome). Picture by Lawrence OP.\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p>Dative is the case of the indirect object. It\u00a0 is used to designate the person or thing concerned by the verbal action. From this overall view we will explain the specific uses that we can find in Latin: dative of interest, dative of purpose and double dative. The dative does not only work as a\u00a0&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/syntax-dative\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":2016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[925,99,60862,60861,235612],"class_list":["post-2012","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-dative","tag-latin","tag-latin-grammar","tag-latin-language-2","tag-latin-syntax"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2012"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3416,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2012\/revisions\/3416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}