{"id":3539,"date":"2014-12-10T21:08:39","date_gmt":"2014-12-10T21:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=3539"},"modified":"2015-05-20T22:59:03","modified_gmt":"2015-05-20T22:59:03","slug":"learning-latin-basics-lesson-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/learning-latin-basics-lesson-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Learning Latin Basics: Lesson II"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salvete Omnes,<\/p>\n<p>We have much to cover today! We are going to review the 1<sup>st<\/sup> and 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Conjugations and Declensions along with some sentence work.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0VERBS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> Conjugation \u201cAmo= I love\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> s.= amo \u00a0\u201c I love, I do love, I am loving\u201d<\/p>\n<p>2<sup>nd<\/sup> s.= amas \u201cYou love\u201d<\/p>\n<p>3<sup>rd<\/sup> s.= amat \u201cHe loves, She love, It loves\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> pl.=amamus \u201cWe love\u201d<\/p>\n<p>2<sup>nd<\/sup> pl.=amatis \u201cYou (plural) love)\u201d<\/p>\n<p>3<sup>rd<\/sup> pl.=amant \u201c They love\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One indicator of a 1<sup>st<\/sup> conjugation verb is the before the stem (which is underlined) there is usually an \u201ca\u201d in other forms. However, there is just an \u201co\u201d ending in the 1<sup>st<\/sup> s. form.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2nd Conjugation \u201cHabeo= I have\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> s.= habeo \u201cI have\u201d<\/p>\n<p>2<sup>nd<\/sup> s.= habes \u201cYou have\u201d<\/p>\n<p>3<sup>rd<\/sup> s.= habet \u201cHe has, She has, It has\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> pl.= habemus \u201cWe have\u201d<\/p>\n<p>2<sup>nd<\/sup> pl.= habetis \u201cYou (plural) have\u201d<\/p>\n<p>3<sup>rd<\/sup> pl. =habent \u201cThey have\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As with the 1<sup>st<\/sup> conjugation and the \u201ca\u201d indicator, the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> conjugation will have an \u201ce\u201d in its 1<sup>st<\/sup> s. form.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Conjugate Exercise:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Celo (1<sup>st<\/sup> conjugation)<\/li>\n<li>Timeo (2<sup>nd<\/sup> conjugation)<\/li>\n<li>Porto(1<sup>st<\/sup> conjugation)<\/li>\n<li>Habeo(2<sup>nd<\/sup> conjugation)<\/li>\n<li>Sum (Irregular Cojugation)**<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>**If you have already forgotten how to conjugate sum, take a look at last week&#8217;s post!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>NOUNS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nouns in Latin, unlike in English, change depending on the role in a sentence. By change, I mean, that the endings on the noun will change to either a nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative (or vocative and locative- which aren\u2019t used as much).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1<sup>st<\/sup> Declension is the declension to refer to nouns that \u201cdecline\u201d to the following forms; which are usually feminine (99% of the time):<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\"><strong><em>aqua, \u2013ae<\/em><\/strong><strong> water f. (feminine)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nominative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqua<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aquae<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013ae<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Accusative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aquam<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013am<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqu\u0101s<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u0101s<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Genitive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aquae<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013ae<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqu\u0101rum<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u0101rum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Dative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aquae<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013ae<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqu\u012bs<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012bs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ablative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqu\u0101<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u0101<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>aqu\u012bs<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012bs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If you noticed that most of endings have an \u201ca\u201d in them. [Sorta reminds you of the 1<sup>st<\/sup> conjugation verbs with the \u201ca\u201d stem.]<\/p>\n<p>2<sup>nd<\/sup> Declension is the declension to refer to nouns that \u201cdecline\u201d to the following forms; which are usually masculine (99% of the time):<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\"><strong><em>dominus, \u2013\u012b<\/em><\/strong><strong> master m. (masculine)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nominative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>dominus<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013us<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u012b<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Accusative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>dominum<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013um<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u014ds<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u014ds<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Genitive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u012b<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u014drum<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u014drum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Dative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u014d<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u014d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u012bs<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012bs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ablative<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u014d<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u014d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>domin\u012bs<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u2013\u012bs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Notes on Declensions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you noticed that the endings do not have a common vowel, but in comparison to the 1<sup>st<\/sup> Declension- it is similar except for the \u201ca\u201d being replaced\u201d with \u201cu\u201d in the singular, \u201co\u201d in the plural and \u201cae\u201d [mostly] replaced with \u201ci.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Please do not be thrown off or worried that the dative and ablative plural in the 1<sup>st<\/sup> and 2<sup>nd<\/sup> declension are the same. It is important simply to familiarize yourself with these forms.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Also did you notice that when these nouns were written out; they looked like: \u201cdominus, -i\u201d and \u201c aqua, -ae?\u201d This is to show the Nominative singular form and then the ending to the Genitive singular form. This will assist in providing which declension a noun is since (\u201c-us &amp; -i\u201d endings are clearly 2<sup>nd<\/sup> declension while \u201c-a &amp; -ae\u201d are clearly 1<sup>st<\/sup> declension).<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nominative &amp; Accusative:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The nominative case is used for the subject in a sentence. The accusative is the direct object of the sentence:<\/p>\n<p>I love cats. I= nominative, love= verb, cats= accusative.<\/p>\n<p>Are you following so far? Let\u2019s look at some Latin.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vocabulary:<\/p>\n<p>Filia, -ae =daughter\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 timeo= I am afraid, I fear\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 voco= I call<\/p>\n<p>Serua, -ae= slave-woman\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 et= and\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0aula, -ae=pot<\/p>\n<p>Seruus, -i= slave-man\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ego= I\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 thesaurus, -i= treasure<\/p>\n<p>Coquus,-i=cook\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0tu= you\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 amo= I love<\/p>\n<p>te= you (accusative)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 me=me \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0habeo= I have<\/p>\n<p>Exercise:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>filiam coqui vocant.<\/li>\n<li>The slave-women are afraid.<\/li>\n<li>thesauros ego amo.<\/li>\n<li>Seruas et Seruos Filae habent.<\/li>\n<li>You have a pot.<\/li>\n<li>serua timet seruos.<\/li>\n<li>The cook loves the female-slave.<\/li>\n<li>ego et tu habent aulas.<\/li>\n<li>The daughter calls you and me.<\/li>\n<li>filia amat seruum, et seruum amat seruam.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Answer:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The cooks call the daughter<\/li>\n<li>timent seruae<\/li>\n<li>I love treasures.<\/li>\n<li>The daughter has slave-men and slave-women.<\/li>\n<li>habes aulam OR habetis aulam.<\/li>\n<li>The slave woman fears the slave-men.<\/li>\n<li>coquus seruam amat.<\/li>\n<li>You and I have pots.<\/li>\n<li>te et me filia vocat.<\/li>\n<li>The daughter loves the slave-man, and the slave-man loves the slave-woman.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>NEXT WEEK:<\/p>\n<p>Does anyone have any request? If not I have a few surprises up my sleeve!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Salvete Omnes, We have much to cover today! We are going to review the 1st and 2nd Conjugations and Declensions along with some sentence work. &nbsp; \u00a0VERBS 1st Conjugation \u201cAmo= I love\u201d 1st s.= amo \u00a0\u201c I love, I do love, I am loving\u201d 2nd s.= amas \u201cYou love\u201d 3rd s.= amat \u201cHe loves, She&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/learning-latin-basics-lesson-ii\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[60862,60861,3750,235612,3753,3754],"class_list":["post-3539","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-latin-grammar","tag-latin-language-2","tag-latin-sentences","tag-latin-syntax","tag-latin-vocab","tag-latin-vocabulary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3539"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3831,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539\/revisions\/3831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}