{"id":4339,"date":"2018-04-25T12:30:18","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T12:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=4339"},"modified":"2018-04-30T19:01:03","modified_gmt":"2018-04-30T19:01:03","slug":"back-to-basics-verbs-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/back-to-basics-verbs-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Back to Basics: Verbs Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"

Salvete Omnes,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Welcome to the Transparent Language Company\u2019s Latin Blog! Whether you are learning Latin for the first time or you an avid learner or it is just a hobby – this is the blog for you! Today\u2019s lesson will bring us back to the basics and is a great review for all learners.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

BASIC VERBS<\/b><\/h3>\n

The verb \u201csum\u201d is the most common verb in Latin or probably any language. Where in English it takes two words to convey \u201cI am\u201d in Latin it only takes one \u201csum.\u201d This is because the endings of verbs (as seen below in <\/span>bold<\/b>) indicate the person(s) doing the action:<\/span><\/p>\n

THE CONJUGATION OF SUM<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Person<\/b><\/td>\nAbbreviation<\/b><\/td>\nLatin Verb \u201csum\u201d<\/b><\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(1st s.) \u00a0\u00a0\u201cI\u201d <\/span><\/td>\nsu<\/span>m<\/b><\/td>\nI am<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd s.) \u201cYou\u201d<\/span><\/td>\ne<\/span>s<\/b><\/td>\nYou are<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person singular<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd s.) \u201cHe, She, It\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nes<\/span>t<\/b><\/td>\nHe, She, It is<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(1st pl.) \u201cWe\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nsu<\/span>mus<\/b><\/td>\nWe are<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person plural <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd pl.) \u201cYou (pl)\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nes<\/span>tis<\/b><\/td>\nYou (pl) are<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd pl.) \u201cThey\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nsu<\/span>nt<\/b><\/td>\nThey are<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The first questions I am asked after introducing the conjugation of sum is \u201cWhat the heck is a conjugation?!\u201d A conjugation is the variation of the form of a verb depending on voice, mood, tense, number, and person. We will speak more on voice, mood, and tense later.<\/span><\/p>\n

The second question I often get asked is what is the difference between 2nd person singular (2nd s.) and 2nd person plural (2nd pl.)? The difference between these two \u201cyous\u201d is that one is:<\/span><\/p>\n

2nd s. = You (only one person) are loud. = Sonorus <\/span>es<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

2nd pl. = You (an implied group of 2 or more) are loud. \u00a0= Sonori <\/span>estis<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

*The adjective sonorus and sonori (<\/span><\/i>meaning loud)<\/i><\/b> are the same work but different due to the number of people being referred to (i.e. sonorus = one person and sonori = more than one). <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

It should be stated the most commonly used verb \u201csum\u201d is also irregular. By irregular, it does not follow any of the main patterns or conjugations of verbs.<\/span><\/p>\n

THE FIRST CONJUGATION VERBS<\/b><\/h3>\n

[Verbs like <\/span>amo<\/span><\/i>= I love, <\/span>porto<\/span><\/i> = I carry, <\/span>celo<\/span><\/i> =I hide, uoco = I call, <\/span>intro<\/span><\/i>= I enter, <\/span>clamo<\/span><\/i>= I shout]<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Person<\/b><\/td>\nAbbreviation<\/b><\/td>\nLatin Verb \u201camo\u201d<\/b><\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(1st s.) \u00a0\u00a0\u201cI\u201d <\/span><\/td>\nam<\/span>o<\/b><\/td>\nI love, I am loving, I do love<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd s.) \u201cYou\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nama<\/span>s<\/b><\/td>\nYou love<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person singular<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd s.) \u201cHe, She, It\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nama<\/span>t<\/b><\/td>\nHe, She, It loves<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(1st pl.) \u201cWe\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nama<\/span>mus<\/b><\/td>\nWe love<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person plural <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd pl.) \u201cYou (pl)\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nama<\/span>tis<\/b><\/td>\nYou (pl) love<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd pl.) \u201cThey\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nama<\/span>nt<\/b><\/td>\nThey love<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

As you may notice, the endings from SUM and AMO are very similar. The main difference is in the 1st person singular. Another thing you may notice which is very important is that most 1st conjugation verbs have an \u201cA\u201d before the <\/span>bold endings<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

THE SECOND CONJUGATION VERBS<\/b><\/h3>\n

[Verbs like <\/span>habeo<\/span><\/i> = I have, I hold,<\/span> timeo<\/span><\/i>= I fear, I am afraid]<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Person<\/b><\/td>\nAbbreviation<\/b><\/td>\nLatin Verb \u201chabeo\u201d<\/b><\/td>\nEnglish Translation<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(1st s.) \u00a0\u00a0\u201cI\u201d <\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>o<\/b><\/td>\nI have, I am having, I do have<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person singular <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd s.) \u201cYou\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>s<\/b><\/td>\nYou have<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person singular<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd s.) \u201cHe, She, It\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>t<\/b><\/td>\nHe, She, It has<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1st person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(1st pl.) \u201cWe\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>mus<\/b><\/td>\nWe have<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd person plural <\/span><\/td>\n(2nd pl.) \u201cYou (pl)\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>tis<\/b><\/td>\nYou (pl) have<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd person plural<\/span><\/td>\n(3rd pl.) \u201cThey\u201d<\/span><\/td>\nhabe<\/span>nt<\/b><\/td>\nThey have<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

As you may notice, the endings from AMO and HABEO are identical. The main difference is in the 1st person singular that extra \u201cE.\u201d Another thing you may notice which is very important is that most 2nd conjugation verbs have an \u201cE\u201d before the <\/span>bold endings<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

The two table above showcase the verbs AMO and HABEO both in the Present Indicative Active. <\/span><\/p>\n

Say what?!<\/b><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Remember when I said we were going to talk about a verb\u2019s voice, mood, and tense – it has (habet) come to that time. <\/span><\/p>\n

TENSE<\/b>: A verb\u2019s tense denotes the time – is it a present tense verb (I have), a past tense verb ( I had) or a future tense verb (I will have). In Latin, you will be able to look at the verbs endings or prefixes and be able to figure out the tense.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOOD<\/b>: A verb\u2019s mood denotes the mood of the sentence. An indicative verb (in English we call it a declarative statement) that is being presented as fact (I hide the pot), a verb in the imperative mood \u00a0(Hide the pot!) showcases a demand, or a verb may be in the subjunctive mood (I wish to hide the pot) which showcases a wish or hope. <\/span><\/p>\n

VOICE<\/b>: A verb\u2019s voice denotes how the verb is read. In the active voice, the verb is active and takes charge (I love Stranger Things) in doing the action. There are other voices in Latin (such as the Passive) but they are quite awkward in English (Stranger Things is loved <\/span>by<\/span><\/i> me). <\/span><\/p>\n

Well, that covers everything from this month\u2019s review lesson. We will be covering some basic nouns next month in order to start building some simple sentences. See you next month!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This month\u2019s homework:<\/b><\/p>\n

Translate from Latin to English<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0clamas<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0es<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0times<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0habetis<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0Uocant<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Translate from English to Latin<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. It has<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. They enter<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. You (s.) are afraid<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. I do hide<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. We are carrying<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

      Salvete Omnes, \u00a0 \u00a0Welcome to the Transparent Language Company\u2019s Latin Blog! Whether you are learning Latin for the first time or you an avid learner or it is just a hobby – this is the blog for you! Today\u2019s lesson will bring us back to the basics and is a great review for all learners…<\/p>\n

      Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":4340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691],"tags":[465046,168698,3725,465047,3752,375958,3767,465045,155,332055],"class_list":["post-4339","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latin-language","tag-amo","tag-basics","tag-first-conjugation-verbs","tag-habeo","tag-latin-verbs","tag-mood","tag-second-conjugation-latin-verbs","tag-sum","tag-tense","tag-voice"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4339"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4343,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4339\/revisions\/4343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}