{"id":4728,"date":"2020-05-28T13:21:01","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T13:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/?p=4728"},"modified":"2020-05-28T13:21:01","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T13:21:01","slug":"uses-of-roman-numerals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/uses-of-roman-numerals\/","title":{"rendered":"Uses of Roman Numerals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salvete Omnes,<\/p>\n<p>Roman Numerals &#8211; one of the first things in math that is taught to American children after basic math skills &#8211; at least it was for me and my time with the education system. It is a simple process almost like tally marks. Here is the system (right of the biggest number means add; left to the biggest number means subtract):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I =1<\/li>\n<li>II =2<\/li>\n<li>III =3<\/li>\n<li>IIII =4<\/li>\n<li>V=5<\/li>\n<li>VI=6<\/li>\n<li>VII =7<\/li>\n<li>VIII =8<\/li>\n<li>IX =9<\/li>\n<li>X =10<\/li>\n<li>XX=20<\/li>\n<li>XXX =30<\/li>\n<li>XL=40<\/li>\n<li>L=50<\/li>\n<li>LX=60<\/li>\n<li>LXX=70<\/li>\n<li>LXXX=80<\/li>\n<li>XC=90<\/li>\n<li>C=100<\/li>\n<li>D = 500<\/li>\n<li>M=1000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So when are these fancy numbers used?<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Religious Settings: Does that say XL or Forty?<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4730 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-233x350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-233x350.jpg 233w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shalone-cason-nzvytEwf8a4-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Roman numerals\u00a0are often\u00a0used\u00a0for the numbered books of the\u00a0Bible. For example, Paul&#8217;s First Epistle to the Corinthians may be written as &#8220;I Corinthians&#8221;, using the\u00a0Roman numeral\u00a0&#8220;I&#8221; rather than the Arabic\u00a0numeral &#8220;1&#8221;. This is not true for all bible verse citation or for other religious matters, but it does explain some basic reasons. Furthermore, for Christianity and Catholicism, Latin was a major language for the religion and to spread the gospel &#8211; so why wouldn&#8217;t Roman numerals continue too?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>SuperBowl Games: Why use the antiquated Roman Numerals for an American Game?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The Roman numerals were adopted to clarify any confusion that may occur because the NFL Championship Game\u2014<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4729 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-263x350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"263\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-263x350.jpg 263w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/stephane-coudassot-berducou-H9t29UuthwM-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/>the Super Bowl\u2014is played in the year following a chronologically recorded season. Back in 2014, the NFL announced Super Bowl 50 would be displayed with Arabic numerals instead of Roman numerals. OH NO CHANGE!It was a one-year exception because the league simply didn&#8217;t like seeing the L stand alone in the logo<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;When we developed the Super Bowl XL logo, that was the first time we looked at the letter L,&#8221; NFL vice president of brand and creative Jaime Weston said at the time. &#8220;Up until that point, we had only worked with X&#8217;s, V&#8217;s and I&#8217;s. And, at that moment, that&#8217;s when we started to wonder: What will happen when we get to 50?&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"block-element__p\">The league returned to Roman numerals for Super Bowl 51 (LI). Eventually, numerals I through IV were added later for the first four Super Bowls.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Clocks: Why IIII was adopted over IV for four<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Expressed as Roman numerals, the first twelve numbers are usually given as I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII (as illustrated above). However, on many clock faces, when the numbers on the dial are in\u00a0Roman numerals, IIII replaces IV.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4731 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-350x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/shawn-lee-vuEiSEegQAk-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The first mechanical clocks were created in Europe during the 13th century at a time when Roman numerals were still in use \u2013 in addition to that, most clocks were mounted on churches, and Latin was the official Catholic language. It thus makes sense for most of the ancient clocks to feature Roman numerals on their dials.<\/p>\n<p>One of the reasons why IIII was used at that time could be explained by Roman mythology. Back then, Rome\u2019s supreme deity was Jupiter,\u00a0 god of the sky and thunder and king of the gods in Ancient Roman religion. In Latin, Jupiter was spelled IVPPITER. As you don\u2019t mess with gods, Romans might have felt hesitant to engrave part of their supreme deity\u2019s name on a sundial or printed in books. This is why the number IIII, even though inconvenient, might have been preferred over IV.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Books: Why are there something tiny Roman Numerals in my books?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ui_qtext_para u-ltr u-text-align--start\">A book&#8217;s \u201cfront matter\u201d (more usually \u201cprelims\u201d) are traditionally numbered in lowercase Roman numerals. There is no consistent system among publishers, and some leave the front matter unnumbered.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ui_qtext_para u-ltr u-text-align--start\">Ordering of the prelims may vary from work to work, but most usually are:\u2014<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4732 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-350x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/pierre-bamin-emIMJ3r5NC4-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><i>(i\u2013ii)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Half title \u2014 traditionally unnumbered (i.e. number not printed)<\/li>\n<li><b><i>(iii)<\/i><\/b> Title page \u2014<\/li>\n<li><b><i>(iv)<\/i><\/b><i>\u00a0<\/i>Colophon \u2014 usually \u201cimprint page&#8221;\u201d today: <i>unnumbered<\/i><\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>v\u2013x<\/i><\/b>) Contents page \u2014 where numbering most usually starts<\/li>\n<li><b><i>(xi\u2013xii)<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Foreword<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xiii\u2013xiv<\/i><\/b>) Preface<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xv\u2013xvi<\/i><\/b>) Acknowledgments<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xvii\u2013xviii<\/i><\/b>) Dedication (or Introduction)<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xix\u2013xx<\/i><\/b>) Introduction (or Dedication)<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xxi\u2013xxii<\/i><\/b>) Epigraph<\/li>\n<li>(<b><i>xxiii\u2013xxvi<\/i><\/b>) Prologue<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Names:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4733 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-350x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>Roman numeral\u00a0suffixes can be used to\u00a0name after other family members like an uncle, cousin, or ancestor (including grandfather). The suffix III is used after either Jr or II and, like subsequent numeric suffixes. Here is an example: When a man is named after his father who is a \u201cJr.,\u201d he is called \u201cthe third or III\u201d once written with either the numeric 3rd or the Roman numeral III, but now the latter is used almost exclusively. A man named after his grandfather, uncle, or cousin uses the suffix\u00a0II, \u201cthe second.\u201d This latter point may take up some contest among purists if II, III, IV can only pass from father to son instead of male family member to male family member.<\/p>\n<p>Then the is the whole debacle about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/05\/25\/entertainment\/grimes-musk-baby-name-tweak-scli-intl\/index.html\">Elon Musk&#8217;s child&#8217;s name<\/a>: X \u00c6 A-12 Musk which has now changed due to California name laws to X \u00c6 A-Xii Musk.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-350x233.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2020\/05\/cam-bradford-OPREHZXKmoE-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Salvete Omnes, Roman Numerals &#8211; one of the first things in math that is taught to American children after basic math skills &#8211; at least it was for me and my time with the education system. It is a simple process almost like tally marks. Here is the system (right of the biggest number means&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/uses-of-roman-numerals\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":4733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3691,60854],"tags":[235614,60850,178,60862,3754,60855,60869,60893],"class_list":["post-4728","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latin-language","category-roman-culture","tag-ancient-rome","tag-classic-culture","tag-history","tag-latin-grammar","tag-latin-vocabulary","tag-roman-culture-2","tag-roman-history","tag-roman-mythology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4728"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4734,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4728\/revisions\/4734"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/latin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}