{"id":1492,"date":"2012-11-14T11:35:26","date_gmt":"2012-11-14T11:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/norwegian\/?p=1492"},"modified":"2012-11-14T11:39:02","modified_gmt":"2012-11-14T11:39:02","slug":"from-play-to-playful","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/norwegian\/from-play-to-playful\/","title":{"rendered":"From Play to Playful"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sometimes you need to change a word from one grammatical class to another. In English you do that all the time, for example when you make the verb \u201dto read\u201d into a noun by adding an -ing suffix:\u00a0Reading makes me happy<\/em>.<\/p>\n

When you want to swap the class of a Norwegian word, you have several suffixes or endings at your disposal. (Don\u2019t worry, each word is usually tied to a single suffix. I mean, you wouldn\u2019t say \u201dhappity\u201d or \u201dstupidness\u201d in English.) Let\u2019s look at the most common:<\/p>\n

Changing an adjective to an abstract noun<\/h3>\n

-het<\/strong>:\u00a0lik<\/strong>\u00a0(equal) >\u00a0likhet<\/strong>\u00a0(equality),\u00a0norsk<\/strong>\u00a0(Norwegian) >\u00a0norskhet<\/strong>(\u201dNorwegianness\u201d),\u00a0kj\u00e6rlig<\/strong>\u00a0(loving) >\u00a0kj\u00e6rlighet<\/strong>\u00a0(love)<\/p>\n

-skap<\/strong>:\u00a0lat<\/strong>\u00a0(lazy) >\u00a0latskap<\/strong>\u00a0(laziness),\u00a0utro<\/strong>\u00a0(unfaithful) >\u00a0utroskap<\/strong>(unfaithfulness)<\/p>\n

-dom<\/strong>:\u00a0rik<\/strong>\u00a0(rich) >\u00a0rikdom<\/strong>\u00a0(richness, wealth),\u00a0fattig<\/strong>\u00a0(poor) >\u00a0fattigdom<\/strong>(poverty),\u00a0ung<\/strong>\u00a0(young) >\u00a0ungdom<\/strong>\u00a0(youth, young people)<\/p>\n

Changing a verb to an abstract noun<\/h3>\n

-ing<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e5 sykle<\/strong>\u00a0(to ride a bicycle) >\u00a0sykling<\/strong>\u00a0(bicycling),\u00a0\u00e5 klatre<\/strong>\u00a0(to climb) >klatring<\/strong>\u00a0(climbing)<\/p>\n

-else<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e5 f\u00f8le<\/strong>\u00a0(to feel) >\u00a0f\u00f8lelse<\/strong>\u00a0(feeling, sentiment),\u00a0\u00e5 friste<\/strong>\u00a0(to tempt) >fristelse<\/strong>\u00a0(temptation),\u00a0\u00e5 sp\u00f8ke<\/strong>\u00a0(to haunt) >\u00a0sp\u00f8kelse<\/strong>\u00a0(ghost)<\/p>\n

-eri:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e5 fiske<\/strong>\u00a0(to fish) >\u00a0fiskeri<\/strong>\u00a0(fishing),\u00a0\u00e5 bake<\/strong>\u00a0(to bake) >\u00a0bakeri<\/strong>\u00a0(bakery \u2013 okay, that\u2019s a very concrete place!)<\/p>\n

Changing a verb to a noun describing a person<\/h3>\n

-er<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e5 bake<\/strong>\u00a0(to bake) >\u00a0baker<\/strong>\u00a0(baker),\u00a0\u00e5 kj\u00f8pe<\/strong>\u00a0(to buy) >\u00a0kj\u00f8per<\/strong>\u00a0(buyer)<\/p>\n

-(n)ing<\/strong>:\u00a0gal<\/strong>\u00a0(mad) >\u00a0galning<\/strong>\u00a0(madman),\u00a0gammel<\/strong>\u00a0>\u00a0gamling<\/strong>\u00a0(old man)<\/p>\n

Changing a verb to an adjective<\/h3>\n

-lig<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e5 tenke<\/strong>\u00a0(to think) >\u00a0tenkelig<\/strong>\u00a0(which can be thought),\u00a0\u00e5 kjede seg<\/strong>\u00a0(to be bored) >\u00a0kjedelig<\/strong>\u00a0(boring)<\/p>\n

Changing a noun to an adjective<\/h3>\n

-ete<\/strong>:\u00a0h\u00e5r<\/strong>\u00a0(hair) >\u00a0h\u00e5rete<\/strong>\u00a0(hairy),\u00a0stein<\/strong>\u00a0(stone) >\u00a0steinete<\/strong>\u00a0(stony)<\/p>\n

-som:<\/strong>\u00a0slit<\/strong>\u00a0(toil) >\u00a0slitsom<\/strong>\u00a0(laborious, toilsome),\u00a0en<\/strong>\u00a0(one \u2013 allright, that\u2019s not a noun!) >\u00a0ensom<\/strong>\u00a0(lonely)<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, there are no clear-cut rules here, you just have to learn which words go with which endings. The endings\u00a0-er<\/strong>,\u00a0-ing<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0-het<\/strong>\u00a0are very frequent.\u00a0-er<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0-ing<\/strong>\u00a0can be added to just about any verb in the language. But beware! Whereas\u00a0\u00e5 bygge<\/strong>\u00a0(to build) can be suffixed to produce\u00a0bygging<\/strong>(the act of building), the result of this building is called a\u00a0bygning<\/strong>\u00a0(a physical building).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sometimes you need to change a word from one grammatical class to another. In English you do that all the time, for example when you make the verb \u201dto read\u201d into a noun by adding an -ing suffix:\u00a0Reading makes me happy. When you want to swap the class of a Norwegian word, you have several…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1875,3007,150,165],"class_list":["post-1492","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-adjective","tag-noun","tag-suffix","tag-verb"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t