{"id":658,"date":"2011-10-07T18:06:17","date_gmt":"2011-10-07T18:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/?p=658"},"modified":"2011-10-10T16:26:33","modified_gmt":"2011-10-10T16:26:33","slug":"658","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/658\/","title":{"rendered":"Afghanistan’s Governance"},"content":{"rendered":"

Afghanistan<\/span><\/strong>\u2019<\/span><\/strong>s Governance <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Part one<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan\u2019s government Organizational Structure and its three branches with their terminologies translated and transliterated in Pashto.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan<\/strong>\u2019<\/strong>s Governance (d<\/strong>e Afghanistan hukomaat <\/strong>\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan\u2019s Government (hukomaat\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u00a0 ) organization consists of the President (Raees e Jamhoor \u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631) serving as the Chief of State and the Head of the Government, the Council of Ministers (wazers \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 ) and the National Assembly (loya Jirga \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 ).\u00a0 \u00a0The country is presently led by the administration of Karzai under President Hamid Karzai who is assisted by two vice presidents (de raees mrastyaal \u062f\u00a0 \u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0644) Mohammad Fahim and Karim Khalili.\u00a0 \u00a0In 2004, Afghanistan came up with a new constitution (asasi qhanoon \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646). \u00a0This new constitution gave the office (adarah \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 ) of presidency the executive power. In 2005, a parliamentary election took place in Afghanistan. As a result, after 30 years of war the people of Afghanistan elected a parliament which consisted of two houses, the upper house (sana \u0633\u0646\u0627) and lower house (shura \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 ).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 2004, the current president Hamid Karzai was declared the first ever democratically elected head of State in Afghanistan. \u00a0Following his first term Mr. Karzai won a second five year term in 2009.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan has a bicameral NationalAssembly (mili shura \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 ) which is Afghanistan\u2019s national legislature (Muqaninah \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0647 ), consisting of the lowerHouse (shura or Wolosee Jirga \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 ) and the Upper House or the House of Elders (sana \u0633\u0646\u0627 ). \u00a0The first legislative body was elected in 2005 and current one in 2010.<\/p>\n

According to the new constitution of Afghanistan an independent organization was created, the Supreme Court (sterah mahkamah \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647 ) of Afghanistan.\u00a0 The seven members of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan were appointed and nominated by the president of the country. \u00a0The constitution also states that \u201cno law shall contravene the tenets and provisions of the holy religion of Islam in Afghanistan\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Executive branch (<\/strong>ajrayah<\/strong>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 <\/strong>)-<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>The President is the head of the executive (ajrayah \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 <\/strong>) branch.\u00a0 The executive is the power to execute, enforce, and administer the law. \u00a0A strong presidency is created by the constitution of Afghanistan. Once the president is elected with two vice-presidents then the president appoints cabinet Ministers and Governors.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1- First term (2004 election)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2- Second term (2009 election)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Legislative branch (<\/strong>moqaninah <\/strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0647 <\/strong>) <\/strong>\u2013<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Afghanistan follows the legislatives style of western democracies. \u00a0The Legislative is the power to make a law and to enframe public policies. However, what is unique about the Afghan legislative is the Loya Jirga (the grand assembly). This body only gets together when the country is at a stage of emergency (esteraree halaat\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u00a0<\/strong>)\u00a0 \u00a0Members of the loya Jirga gets together in Kabul to decide, Afghan National Interests. \u00a0Once their task is accomplished they dissolve their meeting (Jirga \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 <\/strong>), and then they go to their local districts for follow ups. Members of the loya Jirga consists of tribal chiefs, notable religious and secular scholars.<\/p>\n

\u00a0The 2005 parliamentary (shura \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 <\/strong>) election for the house of the People or the lower House (wolesi Jirga or shura\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627 <\/strong>) was conducted on September 18, 2005. \u201cThis was the first parliament election in Afghanistan since 1969. Approximately 2,707 candidates, including 328 women, competed for 249 seats. The election was conducted with multiple seat electoral constituencies. Each province is a constituency and has a varying number of seats depending on population. \u00a0Voters have a single non-transferable vote\u201d.<\/p>\n

The House of the Elders (meshrano jirga or sana \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06ab\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0627 <\/strong>) consists of 102 seats.\u00a0 34 members are elected to serve a 4 year term and 34 are elected to serve 3 year term by the regional legislatures. \u00a0The other 34 members are appointed by the President to serve 5 year term.<\/p>\n

\u00a0The Afghan Senate consists of two chambers, the upper house is the Senate (sanatoor \u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631) and the lower house is the Shura.\u00a0 \u00a0Like the United States the lower house or Shura is a stronger body. \u00a0The lower house is mainly responsible for making the laws of the land. \u00a0Once the laws are made at the lower house, and then it goes to the upper house (Afghan Senate known as sana) for the second round of approval. Once both chamber of the Parliament makes a particular law then it goes to the president for final approval or veto.<\/p>\n

\u00a01- Appointed Members (entesabee \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a ): Appointed by the president (Hamed Karzai).<\/p>\n

2- Elected Members (entekhabee \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a ): Are elected by the People of Afghanistan representing different local districts (woloswali \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a ) throughout Afghanistan<\/p>\n

\u00a0The Judicial Branch (<\/strong>Qazayah <\/strong>\u0642\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u0647 )-<\/strong><\/p>\n

The constitution of Afghanistan mandates a Supreme Court (sterah mahkamah \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0647 <\/strong>). Like the Supreme Court of the United States the seven members of justice of the Supreme Court, are nominated by the President of the country and after their vote of confidence by the two house of Parliament they become the permanent members of the supreme court of Afghanistan. No one can remove them from their office before their term is expired. The main duty of the Supreme Court of Afghanistan is to interpret the constitution of Afghanistan and those areas where the laws are not clear.\u00a0<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afghanistan\u2019s Governance Part one \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan\u2019s government Organizational Structure and its three branches with their terminologies translated and transliterated in Pashto. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan\u2019s Governance (de Afghanistan hukomaat \u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Afghanistan\u2019s Government (hukomaat\u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a\u00a0 ) organization consists of the President (Raees e Jamhoor \u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631) serving as the Chief of State and the Head…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":77,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-658","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/77"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=658"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":660,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/658\/revisions\/660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/pashto\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}