{"id":1647,"date":"2011-03-30T22:43:36","date_gmt":"2011-03-30T22:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/?p=1647"},"modified":"2011-03-30T22:43:36","modified_gmt":"2011-03-30T22:43:36","slug":"conjunctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/conjunctions\/","title":{"rendered":"Conjunctions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Some important conjunctions are a <\/strong>(and\/but<\/em>), i (<\/strong>and),<\/em> ale <\/strong>(but<\/em>),albo…albo\u2026<\/strong>(either\u2026or\u2026<\/em>), ani…ani\u2026<\/strong>(neither…nor\u2026<\/em>),i\u2026.. i\u2026 <\/strong>(both… and<\/em>),<\/p>\n

English and <\/em>is usually translated by i<\/strong>. However, if there is any contrast, i.e. if and <\/em>can alternately be translated as but, <\/em>it is translated by a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kasia jest studentem, a Marcin ju\u017c pracuje. <\/strong>Kasia is a student, but Marcin is<\/p>\n

already working.<\/p>\n

Warszawa i Krak\u00f3w s\u0105 do\u015b\u0107 du\u017ce. <\/strong>Warsaw and Krakow are rather large.<\/p>\n

Mateusz jest i zdrowy i lubi \u0107wiczy\u0107. <\/strong>Mateusz is both healthy and likes to work out.<\/p>\n

To jest muzeum, ale nie jest zbyt ciekawe. <\/strong>That’s a museum, but it’s not too<\/p>\n

interesting.<\/p>\n

To jest albo muzeum, albo hotel. <\/strong>That’s either a museum or a hotel.<\/p>\n

To nie jest ani muzeum, ani hotel. <\/strong>That’s neither a museum nor a hotel.<\/p>\n

Important conjunctions introducing subordinate clauses include chocia\u017c <\/strong>(although<\/em>), bo <\/strong>(because<\/em>), poniewa\u017c <\/strong>(since<\/em>), je\u015bli <\/strong>(if<\/em>), to<\/strong>\/wtedy <\/strong>(then<\/em>).<\/p>\n

The most important <\/strong>subordinating conjunctions are \u017ce <\/strong>(that<\/em>) and czy <\/strong>(whether<\/em>). The conjunction \u017ce<\/strong>, always <\/strong>preceded by a comma, may never be deleted, as it may be in English:<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0142ysza\u0142em, \u017ce masz now\u0105 dziewczyn\u0119. <\/strong>I heard (that) you have a new girlfriend.<\/p>\n

The conjunction je\u015bli <\/strong>(if<\/em>) is not used as a subordinating conjunction. Use czy <\/strong>instead:<\/p>\n

Nie wiem, czy on jest zaj\u0119ty. <\/strong>I don’t know whether (not je\u015bli <\/strong>if) he is busy.<\/p>\n

Questioning adverbs may serve as subordinating conjunctions:<\/p>\n

Czy pami\u0119tasz, gdzie on pracuje? <\/strong>Do you remember where does he work?<\/p>\n

Nie wiem, jak to powiedzie\u0107. <\/strong>I don’t know how to say that.<\/p>\n

The factual conditional conjunctions are je\u015bli <\/strong>(if<\/em>) and either to <\/strong>or wtedy <\/strong>(then<\/em>). The then <\/em>component of the sentence is less often omitted in Polish than it is in English:<\/em><\/p>\n

Je\u015b\u0142i b\u0119dziesz tam tak siedzie\u0107 przed telewizorem, to <\/strong>(wtedy<\/strong>) ja p\u00f3jd\u0119 spa\u0107. <\/strong>If you\u2019re to sit there in front of the TV, (then) I\u2019m going to bed.<\/p>\n

The counter-factual condition conjunctions are gdyby <\/strong>or je\u015bliby <\/strong>(if<\/em>) plus either to <\/strong>or wtedy<\/strong>. Part by <\/strong>is taken from the conditional form of the verb, and may take personal verb endings (-m \u2013\u015b \u2013\u015bmy \u2013\u015bcie<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

In the counter-factual conditional, the conjunction expressing \u201athen\u2018 is often omitted:<\/p>\n

Gdybym wiedzia\u0142<\/strong>, \u017ce wybierasz si\u0119 do sklepu<\/strong>, poprosi\u0142bym <\/strong>(or tobym poprosi\u0142<\/strong>) ci\u0119 zawie\u017a\u0107 mnie ze sob\u0105. <\/strong>If I\u2019d known you were headed into store, I would have asked you to take me with you.<\/p>\n

Here is a list of major conjunctions and connectives:<\/p>\n

although chocia\u017c <\/strong><\/p>\n

not until dop\u00f3ki nie<\/strong><\/p>\n

only just co dopiero<\/strong><\/p>\n

as soon as jak tylko <\/strong><\/p>\n

or albo<\/strong><\/p>\n

as though jak gdyby <\/strong><\/p>\n

since, as long as skoro<\/strong><\/p>\n

as…as… tak, jak… <\/strong><\/p>\n

since, for poniewa\u017c<\/strong><\/p>\n

at the time when wtedy, kiedy… <\/strong><\/p>\n

so that, in order to \u017ceby. aby<\/strong><\/p>\n

because dlatego, \u017ce…; bo <\/strong><\/p>\n

than ni\u017c<\/strong><\/p>\n

before zanim… <\/strong><\/p>\n

that (subord. conj.) \u017ce<\/strong><\/p>\n

both…and… i…i… <\/strong><\/p>\n

the way that tak, jak…<\/strong><\/p>\n

but ale<\/strong><\/p>\n

then to; wtedy<\/strong><\/p>\n

either…or… albo…albo… <\/strong><\/p>\n

therefore dlatego<\/strong><\/p>\n

for, because, since bo <\/strong><\/p>\n

until zanim; a\u017c<\/strong><\/p>\n

if je\u015bli; gdy <\/strong><\/p>\n

whether czy<\/strong><\/p>\n

if… then… je\u015bli…to… <\/strong><\/p>\n

whether…or… czy…, czy…<\/strong><\/p>\n

neither… nor… ani…ani…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do nast\u0119pnego razu<\/strong>! (Till next time\u2026)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Some important conjunctions are a (and\/but), i (and), ale (but),albo…albo\u2026(either\u2026or\u2026), ani…ani\u2026(neither…nor\u2026),i\u2026.. i\u2026 (both… and), English and is usually translated by i. However, if there is any contrast, i.e. if and can alternately be translated as but, it is translated by a: Kasia jest studentem, a Marcin ju\u017c pracuje. Kasia is a student, but Marcin is…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1647","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t