{"id":240,"date":"2008-09-21T12:54:15","date_gmt":"2008-09-21T16:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/?p=239"},"modified":"2008-09-21T12:54:15","modified_gmt":"2008-09-21T16:54:15","slug":"dative-case-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/dative-case-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Dative Case, part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>After studying Fran\u2019s wonderful poem in the last post, you should know a little bit about the dative case (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/celownik.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">celownik<\/a><\/strong>) already. It\u2019s a very unassuming case, really. And when you see it in a sentence, it will be most likely used to modify a personal pronoun in expressions like these:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/jest-mi-goraco.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Jest mi gor\u0105co.<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 I am hot (as in, the temperature is so high that I\u2019m sweating)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Mi<\/strong>\u201d in that sentence is in the dative case. And of course, as you\u2019ve already probably figured out, it\u2019s the personal pronoun \u201cI\u201d \u2013 \u201c<strong>ja<\/strong>\u201d, which as almost everything else in Polish, also declines.<\/p>\n<p>The same happens in these examples, but with different words, naturally:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/jest-nam-przykro.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Jest nam przykro.<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 We are sorry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here \u201c<strong>nam<\/strong>\u201d is in the dative case. And yes, in the nominative version it would be \u201cwe\u201d \u2013 \u201c<strong>my<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/bedzie-wam-zimno.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">B\u0119dzie wam zimno.<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 You will be cold.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Wam<\/strong>\u201d is the dative form of plural \u201cyou\u201d \u2013 \u201c<strong>wy<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>So, I think I should use this lovely dative excuse and show you all the other personal pronouns, as well. Let\u2019s go!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ja<\/strong> \u2013 I<\/li>\n<li><strong>ty<\/strong> \u2013 you<\/li>\n<li><strong>on<\/strong>&#8211; he<\/li>\n<li><strong>ona<\/strong> \u2013 she<\/li>\n<li><strong>ono<\/strong> \u2013 it<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And now in plural:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>my<\/strong> \u2013 we<\/li>\n<li><strong>wy<\/strong> \u2013 you plural<\/li>\n<li><strong>oni<\/strong> \u2013 they masculine and mixed gender<\/li>\n<li><strong>one<\/strong> \u2013 they feminine and neuter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You may have also noticed that unlike in English, the word \u201c<strong>ja<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cI\u201d) is not capitalized in Polish. Instead, when writing to somebody, both in personal and official correspondence, Poles capitalize the word \u201c<strong>ty<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cyou\u201d) in all its permutations. And yes, if talking to more than one \u201cyou\u201d, the word \u201c<strong>wy<\/strong>\u201d is capitalized, as well. It\u2019s done to be polite, and other than that, has no other stylistic function. You can tell a Polish speaker writing in English by the fact that he or she will most likely stubbornly write \u201cyou\u201d with the capital letter.<\/p>\n<p>But enough of this digression. Let\u2019s get back to the dative case and see how those personal pronouns would look then. You already have some examples above, and here\u2019s a complete list:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/ja-mi.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">ja \u2013 mi<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/ty-ci.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">ty \u2013 ci<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/on-jemu.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">on \u2013 jemu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/ona-jej.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">ona \u2013 jej<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/ono-jemu1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">ono \u2013 jemu<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/my-nam.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">my \u2013 nam<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/wy-wam.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">wy \u2013 wam<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/oni-one-im.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">oni\/one \u2013 im<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See, it wasn\u2019t so bad. One use of the dative case and a whole stack of Polish personal pronouns is what you get today. Next time we will talk about something more exciting \u2013 I\u2019m planning to make a typical Polish cheesecake!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"250\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/09\/cheesecake-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image tmp-hide-img\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p>After studying Fran\u2019s wonderful poem in the last post, you should know a little bit about the dative case (celownik) already. It\u2019s a very unassuming case, really. And when you see it in a sentence, it will be most likely used to modify a personal pronoun in expressions like these: Jest mi gor\u0105co. \u2013 I&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/dative-case-part-2\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[1026,925,306825,127],"class_list":["post-240","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-cases","tag-dative","tag-grammar","tag-pronouns"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}