{"id":329,"date":"2008-11-19T14:09:49","date_gmt":"2008-11-19T18:09:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/?p=329"},"modified":"2014-06-10T14:44:10","modified_gmt":"2014-06-10T14:44:10","slug":"the-dative-in-polish-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/the-dative-in-polish-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dative in Polish, part 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s been a while, a looong while actually, since our last post about nouns and cases. I think I started telling you about the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/dative-case-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">dative case<\/a> and then promptly began to practice avoidance. So where were we last? Oh yes, personal pronouns and indirect objects, me thinks.<\/p>\n<p>So, let\u2019s quickly go back and review. I told you that the dative case is used to modify personal pronouns and I showed you how it\u2019s used in examples where the sentences did not have a specific subject and the dative case was used after the verb \u201cto be\u201d in its many different forms and tenses, such as here:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/bylo-mi-zimno.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">By\u0142o mi zimno<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 I was cold.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The word \u201c<strong>zimno<\/strong>\u201d is an adverb, of course. And there is a whole slew of adverbs used in impersonal \u201cadverbial\u201d expressions, which describe feelings and sensations. And all those expressions, needless to say, use the dative case.<\/p>\n<p>I gave you one example last time, remember?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/jest-nam-przykro.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Jest nam przykro<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 We are sorry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here \u201c<strong>przykro<\/strong>\u201d is our adverb of choice. But wait, there\u2019s a whole list of those adverbs that tend to go together with the dative.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>gor\u0105co<\/strong> \u2013 hot, as in \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/jest-mi-goraco.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Jest mi gor\u0105co<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 I\u2019m hot.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0142atwo<\/strong> \u2013 easy \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/nie-jest-nam-tak-latwo.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Nie jest nam tak \u0142atwo<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 It\u2019s not so easy for us, as in <em>\u201cwe can\u2019t make ends meet,\u201d<\/em> for example. Incidentally, I heard that phrase from almost every person I spoke to in Poland during my trip.<\/li>\n<li><strong>mi\u0142o<\/strong> \u2013 nice \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/bardzo-mi-milo.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Bardzo mi mi\u0142o<\/a><\/strong>. &#8211; Used normally when someone\u2019s introduced to you, as in <em>\u201cNice to meet you\u201d<\/em> with the <em>\u201cmeet you\u201d<\/em> implied.<\/li>\n<li><strong>smutno<\/strong> \u2013 sad \u2013 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/jest-jej-smutno.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Jest jej smutno<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 She feels sad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And so on\u2026<\/p>\n<p>And I think I also briefly touched on the subject of indirect objects. Now, that sounded a bit weird, didn&#8217;t it? &#8220;The subject of objects&#8230;&#8221; Anyway&#8230;<br \/>\nYou see, in Polish all noun cases have certain questions assigned to them. For the dative, these questions are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/komu-czemu.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">komu? czemu?<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to whom? to what?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These questions are a sure giveaway that the case you need is the dative and that it describes either a recipient of something, or a person to whom something was\/is\/will be said. Complicated? Nah, only a little. These examples should make it a bit easier:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/musze-pomoc-mojemu-tacie.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Musz\u0119 pom\u00f3c mojemu tacie<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 I have to help my dad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nominative: <strong>m\u00f3j tata<\/strong> \u2013 my dad<br \/>\nDative \u2013 <strong>mojemu tacie<\/strong><br \/>\nHere, the dad is the recipient of my help.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/sprzedajemy-mieszkanie.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Sprzedajemy mieszkanie Jackowi z Olsztyna<\/a>.<\/strong> \u2013 We\u2019re selling (our) apartment to Jacek from Olsztyn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nominative \u2013 <strong>Jacek<\/strong> (a guy\u2019s first name)<br \/>\nDative \u2013 <strong>Jackowi<\/strong><br \/>\nHere, <strong>Jacek<\/strong> from <strong>Olsztyn<\/strong> is the beneficiary of our action.<br \/>\nIn the Polish sentence above, the possessive \u201cour\u201d is implied and understood, so everybody knows we\u2019re talking about selling \u201c<strong>nasze mieszkanie<\/strong>\u201d \u2013 \u201cour apartment\u201d and not somebody else&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/oddalam-sasiadce.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Odda\u0142am s\u0105siadce jej klucze<\/a><\/strong>. \u2013 I gave back the neighbor her keys.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nominative \u2013 <strong>s\u0105siadka<\/strong> \u2013 neighbor (female)<br \/>\nDative \u2013 <strong>s\u0105siadce<\/strong><br \/>\nHere our female neighbor (<strong>s\u0105siadka<\/strong>) is the recipient of the keys.<\/p>\n<p>So, we can say that the dative case is normally used when you have a verb that requires you to have someone as a beneficiary of your action, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/dac-dawac1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">da\u0107\/dawa\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to give (to whom)<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/oddac-oddawac.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">odda\u0107\/oddawa\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to give back\/ to return (to whom)<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/sprzedac-sprzedawac.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">sprzeda\u0107\/sprzedawa\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to sell (to whom)<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/kupic-kupowac.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">kupi\u0107\/kupowa\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to buy<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/pomoc-pomagac.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">pom\u00f3c\/pomaga\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to help<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2008\/11\/pokazac-pokazywac.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">pokaza\u0107\/pokazywa\u0107<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 to show<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And so on\u2026 and the noun (or a personal pronoun) following such a verb will most likely be in the dative case.<\/p>\n<p><em>To be continued\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s been a while, a looong while actually, since our last post about nouns and cases. I think I started telling you about the dative case and then promptly began to practice avoidance. So where were we last? Oh yes, personal pronouns and indirect objects, me thinks. So, let\u2019s quickly go back and review. I&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/the-dative-in-polish-part-3\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[3528,1026,7355,925,306825,3007],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar","tag-adverbs","tag-cases","tag-celownik","tag-dative","tag-grammar","tag-noun"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=329"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5417,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions\/5417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}