{"id":3446,"date":"2012-07-28T23:39:37","date_gmt":"2012-07-28T23:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/?p=3446"},"modified":"2012-07-28T23:39:37","modified_gmt":"2012-07-28T23:39:37","slug":"affirmative-and-interrogative-forms-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/affirmative-and-interrogative-forms-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Affirmative and Interrogative forms &#8211; Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Polish is a highly inflected language, which means some parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives take different forms depending on case, tense, or number. Inflection helps speakers to identify the subject of a sentence and its properties (whether it\u2019s singular or plural, masculine or feminine).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Consequently, word order plays a less important role in Polish than it does in English because all the spelling changes and endings convey meanings explicitly. How does it apply to questions? In English, interrogatives are typically formed by means of auxiliary verbs (e.g. do, does, did) or inversion\u00a0\u2014\u00a0 the change in word order (e.g. She is a teacher. Is she a teacher?).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Polish, on the other hand, the majority of questions have the same or almost the same structure as affirmatives and their main distinguishing feature is generally intonation,\u00a0<strong><em>Czy\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(a grammatical particle), or a question word like\u00a0<strong><em>Kto<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Gdzie<\/em>,\u00a0<\/strong><em><strong>Kiedy<\/strong>,<\/em>\u00a0etc. Also, the declension of some interrogative pronouns is rather complex and frequent reference to relevant grammar charts may be required, at least at a beginner\u2019s level.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In other words, the key to questions in Polish lies in the correct usage of inflection, especially with verbs and pronouns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Polish <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">affirmatives and interrogatives<\/span> often look exactly the same. In writing, they are differentiated by means of proper punctuation (a full stop and a question mark respectively). In speaking, the change of intonation is required.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Marek m\u00f3wi po angielsku. (Affirmative)<\/em><br \/>\nMark speaks English.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Marek m\u00f3wi po angielsku? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nDoes Mark speak English?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mo\u017cesz i\u015b\u0107 na imprez\u0119. (<em>Affirmative)<\/em><\/em><br \/>\nYou can go to the party.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mo\u017cesz i\u015b\u0107 na imprez\u0119? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nCan you go to the party?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mieszkaj\u0105 w Anglii. (Affirmative)<\/em><br \/>\nThey live in England.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Mieszkaj\u0105 w Anglii? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nDo they live in England?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Pracujemy do p\u00f3\u017ana. (<em><em>Affirmative)<\/em><\/em><\/em><br \/>\nWe\u2019re working late tonight.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Pracujemy do p\u00f3\u017ana? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nAre we working late tonight?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Yes-no questions<\/span> sometimes begin with &#8220;<em><strong>Czy&#8221;<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/em>This particle indicates that a sentence has an interrogative function. Whether\u00a0<em>Czy\u00a0<\/em>should be used or omitted depends on context, intentions of a speaker, and accent. Questions without\u00a0<em>Czy\u00a0<\/em>often sound more natural. Here are some examples:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Darek j\u0105 kocha. (Affirmative)<\/em><br \/>\nDarek loves her.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Darek j\u0105 kocha?\u00a0<strong>or<\/strong>\u00a0Czy Darek j\u0105 kocha? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nDoes Darek love her?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Lubisz zim\u0119. (Affirmative)<\/em><br \/>\nYou like winter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Lubisz zim\u0119?\u00a0<strong>or<\/strong>\u00a0Czy lubisz zim\u0119? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nDo you like winter?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Jedziemy do domu. (Affirmative)<\/em><br \/>\nWe\u2019re going home.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Jedziemy do domu?\u00a0<strong>or\u00a0<\/strong>Czy jedziemy do domu? (Question)<\/em><br \/>\nAre we going home?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Oni pij\u0105 kaw\u0119.<\/em><br \/>\nThey drink coffee.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><em>Oni pij\u0105 kaw\u0119?\u00a0<strong>or<\/strong>\u00a0Czy oni pij\u0105 kaw\u0119?<\/em><br \/>\nDo they drink coffee?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Affirmative and Interrogative forms in Polish - Part I\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2zusfNAikuI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>I will continu the subject in the next post:)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do nast<\/strong><strong>\u0119pnego razu&#8230; <\/strong>(Till next time&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polish is a highly inflected language, which means some parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives take different forms depending on case, tense, or number. Inflection helps speakers to identify the subject of a sentence and its properties (whether it\u2019s singular or plural, masculine or feminine). Consequently, word order plays a less important&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/affirmative-and-interrogative-forms-part-i\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3446","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar","category-vocabulary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3446"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3455,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446\/revisions\/3455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}