{"id":754,"date":"2010-04-28T12:31:45","date_gmt":"2010-04-28T12:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/?p=754"},"modified":"2010-04-28T12:34:15","modified_gmt":"2010-04-28T12:34:15","slug":"polish-participles-imieslowy-continued","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/polish-participles-imieslowy-continued\/","title":{"rendered":"Polish Participles &#8211; imies\u0142owy continued"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As promised, today we will take a more in-depth look at the mystical imies\u0142owy. Joy oh joy, I know.<br \/>\nTo do this we need to pick a nice, easy verb. How about \u201c<strong>pisa\u0107<\/strong>\u201d? And how about \u201c<strong>napisa\u0107<\/strong>\u201d? Both mean \u201cto write\u201d, but <strong>pisa\u0107<\/strong> is imperfective, and <strong>napisa\u0107<\/strong> is perfective.<\/p>\n<p>Ready? Ok, here we go.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>pisz\u0105cy<\/strong> \u2013 active adjectival participle \u2013 (one who is) writing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This form is normally constructed using the present tense 3rd person plural form of the verb and adding \u201c-c\u201d plus the appropriate adjectival ending, like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>pisa\u0107<\/strong> (infinitive) \u2013 <strong>pisz\u0105 <\/strong>(present tense 3rd person plural) \u2013 <strong>pisz\u0105cy, pisz\u0105ca, pisz\u0105ce<\/strong> (active adjectival participle, masculine, feminine, neuter).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And it refers to an ongoing action.<\/p>\n<p>See? That wasn\u2019t too bad.<br \/>\nNow let\u2019s try it with the active adverbial participle of the same verb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>pisz\u0105c<\/strong> \u2013 writing (while writing, when somebody was writing something).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is also easy to make. Just take the present tense 3rd person plural form of your imperfective verb and stick \u201cc\u201d to the end of it. Like this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>pisa\u0107<\/strong> (infinitive) \u2013 <strong>pisz\u0105<\/strong> (present tense 3rd person plural) \u2013 <strong>pisz\u0105c<\/strong> (active adverbial participle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It refers to an action (or state) that happens simultaneously to another action (or state).<br \/>\nAnd luckily for us, this participle doesn\u2019t do anything extraordinary, it doesn\u2019t decline and has no gender. Phew!<\/p>\n<p>Then there\u2019s the adverbial participle of prior action, which refers to something that has already been completed by the time the main action is taking place.<br \/>\nThis grammatical wonder is only formed using perfective verbs and though it may look vaguely adjectivey, it doesn&#8217;t decline. And, to be perfectly honest, you won\u2019t hear it much in casual speech. It\u2019s the stuff that prose is made of.<\/p>\n<p>But just in case, how do we make it? Like this:<br \/>\nTake the masculine singular past tense of the verb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>napisa\u0142<\/strong> &#8211; (3rd person singular, masculine, past tense) &#8211; he wrote<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Get rid of the \u201c<strong>\u0142<\/strong>\u201d and add \u201c<strong>-wszy<\/strong>\u201d instead:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>napisawszy<\/strong> \u2013 having written<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To be continued\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As promised, today we will take a more in-depth look at the mystical imies\u0142owy. Joy oh joy, I know. To do this we need to pick a nice, easy verb. How about \u201cpisa\u0107\u201d? And how about \u201cnapisa\u0107\u201d? Both mean \u201cto write\u201d, but pisa\u0107 is imperfective, and napisa\u0107 is perfective. Ready? Ok, here we go. pisz\u0105cy&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/polish-participles-imieslowy-continued\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[8444,165,7608],"class_list":["post-754","post","type-post","status-publish","hentry","category-grammar","tag-participle","tag-verb","tag-verb-aspect"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=754"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}