{"id":10777,"date":"2018-06-07T07:30:01","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T07:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=10777"},"modified":"2018-06-07T01:48:30","modified_gmt":"2018-06-07T01:48:30","slug":"command-forms-beyond-the-imperative-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/command-forms-beyond-the-imperative-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"Command Forms Beyond the Imperative in Russian"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>You may know the imperative mood as one way of making requests or giving commands in Russian, but there are other, less common, ways you may come across. Read on to learn how to recognize and use them.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10784\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10784\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10784\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/hands-2238235_1280.jpg\" alt=\"washing hands\" width=\"1280\" height=\"956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/hands-2238235_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/hands-2238235_1280-350x261.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/hands-2238235_1280-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/hands-2238235_1280-1024x765.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10784\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Imperative Mood \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>The most common way is, of course, the imperative mood. The forms can be &#8220;built&#8221; from the root of the verb \u2014 see more information in <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/eat-me-drink-me-off-with-his-head\/\">this past post<\/a>. The distinction between perfective and imperfective imperatives (&#8220;<strong>\u043c\u043e\u0439<\/strong>!&#8221; vs &#8220;<strong>\u043f\u043e\u043c<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>!&#8221; both meaning &#8220;wash!&#8221;) can be similar to that between perfective and imperfective indicative verbs. That is, perfective imperatives refer to a one-time, specific, or finite action, whereas imperfective imperatives can express a general recommendation or command. This will, of course, depend on the sense of each verb. To illustrate this using the verbs above (<strong>\u043c\u044b\u0442\u044c\/\u043f\u043e\u043c<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u044b<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>), here are two examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0422\u0449\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0449\u0443.<br \/>\n(Wash fruit and vegetables carefully before eating them.)<br \/>\n[\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0439 (1997) \/\/ \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb, 1997.06.17]<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0438.<br \/>\nMake sure to wash your hands after handling bills.<br \/>\n[\u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0413\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \/\/ \u00ab\u0417\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u00bb, 2012]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You could argue that the second example presents the act of washing as a single, discrete event. Could you use &#8220;<strong>\u043c<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/strong>&#8221; for that example? Absolutely, but then it would be closer to &#8220;every time you handle paper money, be sure to wash your hands,&#8221; while the current example could, ostensibly, refer to a specific situation that will not repeat itself.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, perfective forms are more likely to be more direct and closer to commands that requests (e.g. <strong>\u0441\u0430\u0434<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u044c<\/strong> vs <strong>\u0441\u044f\u0434\u044c<\/strong> for &#8220;sit down&#8221;).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_10785\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10785\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10785\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/stop.jpg\" alt=\"stop sign\" width=\"1280\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/stop.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/stop-350x262.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/stop-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/stop-1024x767.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Infinitive \u2014 \u0418\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0438<\/span>\u0432<\/h2>\n<p>A less common way of giving commands is the infinitive. This form is very direct and\u00a0 not very polite. It is really closer to an order and may be heard in contexts with large disparities in power, e.g. military commands, talking to pets, or from an abusive superior. This form uses the imperfective infinitive.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c! \u0428\u0430\u0433 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u2015 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0301\u0435\u043c!\u00bb<br \/>\n&#8220;Halt! Take a step, and we&#8217;ll shoot!&#8221;<br \/>\n[\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f second-hand \/\/ \u00ab\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb, 2013]<\/li>\n<li>\u0428\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u00a0\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442\u00a0\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u00a0\u043f\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434: \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0442\u044c!\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c!\u00a0\u0414\u0430\u0439\u00a0\u043b\u0430\u0301\u043f\u0443!\u00bb<br \/>\nSharik (dog&#8217;s name) knows just a few commands: &#8220;Sit! Down! Shake!&#8221;<br \/>\n<span class=\"doc\">[\u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u042d\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00bb (2009)]<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u2015\u00a0\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c!\u00a0\u0414\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0439,\u00a0\u0447\u0442\u043e\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e!<br \/>\n&#8220;Quiet! Do what you&#8217;re told!&#8221;<br \/>\n<span class=\"doc\">[\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0428\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c (1993-2003)]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_10786\" style=\"width: 1290px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10786\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10786\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym.jpg\" alt=\"man exercising\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-1024x576.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10786\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Past Tense \u2014 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440<span style=\"color: #33cccc\">\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>Finally, past tense forms may express commands, too. This is also quite direct and even rude. Perfective forms are used in this case.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0436\u0434\u0451\u0448\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u044b \u00ab\u0423\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043b! \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0441\u044f!\u00bb<br \/>\nYou expect a person in uniform to order &#8220;Drop down and give me some push-ups!&#8221;<br \/>\n[\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u00bb, \u2116 28 (156), 22-29 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 2010, 2010]<\/li>\n<li>\u2014 \u0410 \u043d\u0443, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b! \u2015 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0301\u043b \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0301\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a.<br \/>\n&#8220;Get up at once!&#8221; yelled the guard who suddenly appeared nearby.<br \/>\n[\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438 (2008)]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-350x197.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"man exercising\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2018\/06\/gym.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>You may know the imperative mood as one way of making requests or giving commands in Russian, but there are other, less common, ways you may come across. Read on to learn how to recognize and use them. Imperative Mood \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 The most common way is, of course, the imperative mood. The forms&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/command-forms-beyond-the-imperative-in-russian\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":10786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[366905,257588],"class_list":["post-10777","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-commands","tag-imperative-mood"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10777"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10788,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10777\/revisions\/10788"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}