{"id":10866,"date":"2018-07-24T07:52:49","date_gmt":"2018-07-24T07:52:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=10866"},"modified":"2018-07-24T02:59:50","modified_gmt":"2018-07-24T02:59:50","slug":"fun-uses-of-the-instrumental-case-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/fun-uses-of-the-instrumental-case-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"Fun Uses of the Instrumental Case in Russian"},"content":{"rendered":"

The instrumental case (\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436<\/strong>) is primarily used to talk about the tools or means that allow you to do something. There are also other, less literal, uses of this case that express the manner in which something is done.<\/p>\n

The most common use of the instrumental case is, of course, the instrument with which an action is completed. For example, where you would say “I eat cake with a spoon” in English, in Russian you would not say “\u042f \u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/del>,” unless the spoon is sitting next to you and helping itself to some cake, too. \ud83d\ude42 All you need to say is “\u042f \u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439.” This post will go beyond this literal use and into situations where the instrumental case describes the manner of action or compares an action to something.<\/p>\n

\"runner\"

Image via Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n

Travel<\/h2>\n

One common use of the instrumental case is to describe the way in which someone or something moves through space. Below are some examples of this use.<\/p>\n\u0428\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043e\u043c<\/span>\n

\u0428\u0430\u0433 is a step or a pace. By itself, \u0448\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043e\u043c means “at a leisurely pace.” Preceded by an adjective in the instrumental case, it describes someone’s pace or gait.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0301 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0301 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0301\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0435: \u0432\u044b\u0301\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.
\nShe was acting as if she were at a real concert\u2014she entered the stage confidently, with her head held high, and bowed sternly.
\n[\u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043d. \u041c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 (1967)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\u041f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c<\/span>\n

At this point, \u043f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c functions as an adjective meaning “on foot.” This word is related to \u043f\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434, pedestrian.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0435\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u0301\u043b\u043e\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u00a0\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c,\u00a0\u0438\u00a0\u043e\u0442\u00a0\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043a\u0438\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c\u00a0\u0435\u0449\u0451\u00a0\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0301\u0442\u00a0\u0441\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438\u0301\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c.
\nThe dormitory was outside the city, and you had to walk another forty minutes from the commuter rail station.
\n[\u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d. \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0430 (1982) \/\/ \u00ab\u041e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c\u00bb, 1996]<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\u0411\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u043c<\/span>\n

\u0411\u0435\u0433 refers to running, so \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043c means “running” as a manner of going somewhere or just “very fast.”<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0301\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0439, \u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0431\u044b\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0301 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430\u0301 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u044c.
\nShe covered her mouth with her hand and quickly walked away, almost running.
\n[\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0422\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0448\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f (2015)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Speed<\/h2>\n
\"hare\"

Image via Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n

A similar use of the instrumental case is to describe the speed with which something is done.<\/p>\n\u041f\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/span>\n

\u041f\u0443\u0301\u043b\u044f is a bullet. \u041f\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0439 means very fast.<\/p>\n

\u042f \u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0301\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b.
\nI jumped off the bed and flew out of the room.
\n[\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u042f\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u041a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0435\u0440\u00bb, 2011]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\u0417\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0446\u0435\u043c<\/span>\n

\u0417\u0430\u0301\u044f\u0446 is a hare. \u0417\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0446\u0435\u043c can refer to darting somewhere quickly or to riding public transport without payin<\/a>g.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0301\u043c\u0435\u0432,\u00a0\u043e\u043d\u00a0\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0437\u043a\u043e\u00a0\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0301\u043b,\u00a0\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0301\u043b\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0446\u0435\u043c\u00a0\u0441\u00a0\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438,\u00a0\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0301\u00a0\u043c\u0438\u0433\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0434\u00a0\u0441\u0438\u043b\u00a0\u043d\u0435\u0301\u00a0\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e.
\nFrantic, he jumped up abruptly, darted off the bed
\n[\u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u041c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0441. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a (1996) \/\/ \u00ab\u0417\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430\u00bb, 2001]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0415\u0301\u0437\u0436\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0435\u043c, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0301\u0439\u0446\u0435\u043c.
\nI take the tram, without paying at that.
\n[\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 (1997) \/\/ \u00ab\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb, 1997.08.26]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Writing<\/h2>\n

\"Russian

Image based on By Uploader: SergiySW [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/p><\/div>Another interesting use of this case is to describe the way something is written or typeset.<\/p>\n\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/span>\n

\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c is a stamp (like a seal) or printing (the process)\/the press (the media). \u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0432\u044b are, therefore, block letters (as opposed to cursive). You may hear cursive letters called \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0301\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0432\u044b, but that is technically inaccurate<\/a>\u2014that phrase means “capital letters.” From a cultural standpoint, most handwritten notes in Russian are written in cursive<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043c\u00a0\u0432\u0430\u0441\u00a0\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u00a0\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0301\u043d,\u00a0\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u00a0\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438\u00a0\u0431\u0443\u0301\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438.
\nPlease fill out the coupon legibly and print, if possible.
\n[\u041b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044f \u00ab\u0421\u041d\u00bb-2004\/1 (2003) \/\/ \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c\u00bb, 2003.09.16]<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\u0416\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0444\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/span>\n

\u0416\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 means “greasy, fat, or thick.” \u0416\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 is boldface.<\/p>\n

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0451\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0301\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0444\u0442\u043e\u043c.
\nThe old price is crossed out, and the new one is highlighted in bold.
\n[\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0422\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/\/ \u00ab\u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u00bb, 2015]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0432\u043e\u043c<\/span>\n

This word may be confusing because it does not mean handwritten cursive. It refers to italic type.<\/p>\n

\u0424\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0437\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0301\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0301\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438.
\nThe phrase in italics is given in French in the original.
\n[\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 I (2000)]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Can you think of any other interesting examples of using the instrumental case?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"runner\"

The instrumental case (\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0301\u0436) is primarily used to talk about the tools or means that allow you to do something. There are also other, less literal, uses of this case that express the manner in which something is done. The most common use of the instrumental case is, of course, the instrument with which…<\/p>\n

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