{"id":11871,"date":"2019-08-08T07:49:37","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T07:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=11871"},"modified":"2019-08-14T14:52:01","modified_gmt":"2019-08-14T14:52:01","slug":"russian-words-of-turkic-origin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-words-of-turkic-origin\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Words of Turkic Origin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Russian is a Slavic language that has shares its origins with such languages as Ukrainian or Belorussian and, earlier, Polish or Bulgarian. Most of its vocabulary comes from this common Slavic &#8220;stock.&#8221; However, a few words in Russian have Turkic origins. They probably entered Russian from the Turkic languages (the group that includes Turkish, Tatar, and Kazakh, among others) spoken in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Horde\">Golden Horde<\/a> (<strong>\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0301\u044f \u041e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0301<\/strong>) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottoman_Empire\">Ottoman Empire<\/a> (<strong>\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11876\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11876\" class=\"wp-image-11876 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/dried_apricots-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"dried apricots\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/dried_apricots-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/dried_apricots-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/dried_apricots-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/dried_apricots.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11876\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/Enotovyj-1196066\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=3338358\">Enotovyj<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=3338358\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at some of these words. I don&#8217;t speak any Turkic language, so the translations and information on cognates in this post comes from Wiktionary.<\/p>\n<h2>Food<\/h2>\n<p>Numerous words of Turkic origin refer to food items:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0301\u043a<\/strong>: smoked or cured salmon spine<br \/>\nCompare this with the Turkish word <em>bal\u0131k<\/em> (fish).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0301<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherry_plum\">cherry plum<\/a><br \/>\nThe origin of this word is the Azerbaijani <em>al\u00e7a<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0438\u0437\u044e\u0301\u043c<\/strong>: raisins (usually uncountable)<br \/>\nRelated words include the Uyghur \u0626\u06c8\u0632\u06c8\u0645\u200e (<em>\u00fcz\u00fcm<\/em>, \u201cgrape\u201d) and Turkish <em>\u00fcz\u00fcm<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0301<\/strong>: dried apricots (uncountable)<br \/>\nSimilar to the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kumyk_language\">Kumyk<\/a> <em>kur\u00e4g\u00e4<\/em>, dried apricots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Society and Law<\/h2>\n<p>During the times of the Mongol invasion of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27\">Kievan Rus<\/a>, many words that entered the Old Russian language had to do with the government and social institutions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u044f<\/strong>: customs, from <strong>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0430\u0301<\/strong> \u2014 seal, brand<br \/>\nRelated words include the Bashkir <em>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0493\u0430<\/em> (<em>tam\u011fa,<\/em> &#8220;brand, mark&#8221;) and Tatar <em>tam\u0263a <\/em>(seal).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438<\/strong>: money (currently plural only, initially singular &#8220;<strong>\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0430<\/strong>&#8221; referred to a coin)<br \/>\nCompare this to the Kazakh <em>\u0442\u0435\u04a3\u0433\u0435<\/em> (<em>te\u00f1ge<\/em>), the name of the national currency of Kazakhstan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>: treasury; <strong>\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0301\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> is the name of the state Treasury\/Exchequer<br \/>\nRelated to the Turkish <em>hazine <\/em>(&#8220;treasure, treasury&#8221;). Probably originated from the Iranian languages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0442\u044e\u0440\u044c\u043c\u0430\u0301<\/strong>: prison, jail\/gaol<br \/>\nCompare to the Tatar <em>\u0442\u04e9\u0440\u043c\u04d9<\/em> (<em>t\u00f6rm\u00e4<\/em>, \u201cprison\u201d). You may sometimes see a version about this word being derived from the Latin <em>turris<\/em>, tower.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_11877\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11877\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11877\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"badger\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11877\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/PBarlowArt-9059829\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4239570\">PBarlowArt<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=4239570\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Animals<\/h2>\n<p>A few animals also got their names from Turkic languages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0301\u043d<\/strong>: wild boar; this word replaced the Slavic word \u0432\u0435\u043f\u0440\u044c in everyday speech<br \/>\nCognates include Azerbaijani <em>qaban<\/em>, Kazakh <em>\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d<\/em> (<em>kaban<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0443\u0301\u043a<\/strong>: badger<br \/>\nCompare to the Turkish word <em>porsuk.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d<\/strong>: cockroach<br \/>\nThe origin of this word is ambiguous, but many versions point to a Turkic source.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a<\/strong>: groundhog, woodchuck<br \/>\nOne version says this word came from a Turkic language, but another implies the name just imitates the sound this animal makes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Clothes<\/h2>\n<p>Many items of clothing have Turkic names, but these names have been in Russian so long, it doesn&#8217;t even register any more!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0442<\/strong>: bathrobe, house dress, lab coat<br \/>\nThis word is related to such words as the Azerbaijani <em>x\u0259l\u0259t<\/em> (\u201cdressing gown\u201d) and Uzbek <em>xalat<\/em> (\u201crobe\u201d), which are ultimately derived from Arabic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0447\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0301\u043a<\/strong>: stocking<br \/>\nCompare to the Tatar <em>\u010dolg\u00e5u<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Footwraps\">footwrap<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0430\u0301\u043a<\/strong>: cap, nightcap, fool&#8217;s cap<br \/>\nSimilar words include the Tatar <em>\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u043a<\/em> (<em>qalfaq<\/em>), Kazakh <em>\u049b\u0430\u043b\u043f\u0430\u049b<\/em> (<em>qalpaq<\/em>), and Turkish <em>kalpak<\/em> (\u201ccap\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Did you recognize any of the words? Do you speak any Turkic language and, if so, how accurate are the comparisons I included in this post?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-350x233.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"badger\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/08\/badger.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Russian is a Slavic language that has shares its origins with such languages as Ukrainian or Belorussian and, earlier, Polish or Bulgarian. Most of its vocabulary comes from this common Slavic &#8220;stock.&#8221; However, a few words in Russian have Turkic origins. They probably entered Russian from the Turkic languages (the group that includes Turkish, Tatar&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-words-of-turkic-origin\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":11877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[65,269721,529234],"class_list":["post-11871","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulary","tag-etymology","tag-loanwords","tag-turkic-languages"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11871"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11892,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11871\/revisions\/11892"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}