{"id":12088,"date":"2020-01-09T07:16:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T07:16:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=12088"},"modified":"2020-03-26T02:45:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T02:45:07","slug":"asking-questions-in-russian-with-%d0%bb%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/asking-questions-in-russian-with-%d0%bb%d0%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"Asking Questions in Russian with \u041b\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Did you know Russian had a particle for asking questions? Furthermore, that same word can be used as a conjunction in dependent clauses and reported speech! Let&#8217;s talk about the main uses of \u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12202\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12202\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12202\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"penguin\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@goosegrease?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Derek Oyen<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/penguin?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Yes or No Questions<\/h2>\n<p>\u041b\u0438 can be used in yes or no questions. As you may remember, Russian does not use auxiliary (&#8220;helping&#8221;) verbs or a different word order for asking questions. For questions with a question word, that word makes clear that it&#8217;s a question; for general, &#8220;yes-or-no&#8221; questions, a rising intonation signals the same thing. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042f \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430 (I&#8217;m home).<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430? (Are you home?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, you could also use an interrogative particle, \u043b\u0438 (&#8220;whether&#8221;), in this type of question. This usage is a bit more formal and sounds a bit more unsure or incredulous \u2014 something like &#8220;Have you ever&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;Did you happen to&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It would, therefore, be unusual to use \u043b\u0438 in a simple, informal question, for instance, &#8220;\u0414\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044b?&#8221; But it works well for more abstract questions like FAQ pages or natural science inquiries.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0301\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0435? (Can one use their phone on a plane?)<\/li>\n<li>\u0416\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0301\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0301\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0301\u043d\u044b? (Do penguins live in Africa?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A famous mock example of a &#8220;pie in the sky&#8221; question of this kind is<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0301\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0435? (Is there life on Mars?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that a typical word order is the verb + \u043b\u0438 + the rest of the sentence.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12203\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone post-item__attachment\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12203\" class=\"wp-image-12203 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/letter-1024x770.jpg\" alt=\"letters\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/letter-1024x770.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/letter-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/letter-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/letter.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image by <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/2204574-2204574\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=2238537\">Richard Revel<\/a> from <a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/?utm_source=link-attribution&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=image&amp;utm_content=2238537\">Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Dependent Clauses<\/h2>\n<p>Another use of \u043b\u0438 is in dependent clauses. It is similar to the English &#8220;if&#8221; or &#8220;whether.&#8221; Just like above, \u043b\u0438 follows the verb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0301 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e\u0301 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0443 (It&#8217;s unclear whether the letter made it to the recipient).<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0301\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0301\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (Whether the author has cited their predecessors&#8217; works affects the quality of the book).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This conjunction is especially well-suited for indirect questions and speech, that is relaying someone else&#8217;s words or opinions. Note that Russian uses the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sequence_of_tenses#Russian\">natural sequence of tenses<\/a>, meaning that the indirect question remains in the same tense as the direct question (usually, present).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u044e, \u043f\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d (I don&#8217;t know if we&#8217;ll be allowed into this restaurant).<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0301 \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0301\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438 (She asked if I spoke French).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A common mistake by learners and Russian speakers living abroad is to replace &#8220;\u043b\u0438&#8221; with &#8220;\u0435\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0438.&#8221; \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 means &#8220;if&#8221; only in conditional clauses, not in indirect speech. Compare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0301 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0301, \u0435\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0301 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u044f (I will tell you everything if I come to class).<\/li>\n<li>\u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0301 \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u044f (I don&#8217;t know if I&#8217;ll come to class).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I hope this refresher was helpful! What other topics would you like to see covered?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"197\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-350x197.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"penguin\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-350x197.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/01\/pengin-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Did you know Russian had a particle for asking questions? Furthermore, that same word can be used as a conjunction in dependent clauses and reported speech! Let&#8217;s talk about the main uses of \u043b\u0438. Yes or No Questions \u041b\u0438 can be used in yes or no questions. As you may remember, Russian does not use&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/asking-questions-in-russian-with-%d0%bb%d0%b8\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":12202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[541532,2809,60782],"class_list":["post-12088","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-conjunctions","tag-particles","tag-russian-sentence-structure"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12088"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12205,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12088\/revisions\/12205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}