{"id":12681,"date":"2020-07-23T14:36:54","date_gmt":"2020-07-23T14:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=12681"},"modified":"2020-07-23T14:36:54","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T14:36:54","slug":"derivative-prepositions-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%b8-and-how-to-get-them-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/derivative-prepositions-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%b8-and-how-to-get-them-right\/","title":{"rendered":"Derivative prepositions (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438) and how to get them right"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prepositions (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438) are functional words that work together with nouns, noun phrases, and pronouns to show direction, time, and relation to other objects.<\/p>\n

Other wonderful blogs on this platform have covered prepositions (Russian prepositions of direction<\/a>, prepositions of time,<\/a> “\u0432” or “\u043d\u0430”<\/a>) and provided great guidance on when to use them and even how to pronounce them<\/a>. Today, I want to talk to you about derivative prepositions (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438) and what makes them so interesting.<\/p>\n

For starters, let\u2019s cover some basic tips and tricks on the usage of derivative prepositions.<\/p>\n

\"wind_direction\"

Image by Free-Photos<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Prepositions always belong to nouns, noun phrases, and pronouns<\/h3>\n

\u00ab\u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u00bb. \u2192 \u201c\u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0448\u0451\u043b [\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e?] \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u201d (\u201cHe walked around the house.\u201d)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438, \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.\u201d \u2192 \u201c[\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e? \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438…]\u201d<\/p>\n

\"alarm_clock\"

Image by Free-Photos<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Ask the question. If you can ask a direct question about the word, then it is NOT a preposition.<\/h3>\n

\u00ab\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b [\u043a\u0430\u043a?] \u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e\u00bb \u2192 \u201c\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e\u201d is an adverb. (Ivan drove by.)<\/p>\n

The preposition is ALWAYS part of the question:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b [\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e?] \u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u00bb \u2192 \u201c\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e\u201d is a preposition here.<\/p>\n

Structurally, homonymous prepositions and adverbs have different dependencies in the sentence. For example:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u201d (\u201cto go against\u201d) = verb + adverb<\/p>\n

\u201c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0435\u201d (\u201cto go against fate\u201d) = verb + preposition + noun<\/p>\n

Derivative prepositions that came from nouns usually shift in meaning, for example:<\/h3>\n

\u201c\u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043c<\/strong>\u201d (\u201cto follow an unknown route<\/strong>\u201d). The noun \u201c\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c\u201d becomes \u201c\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043c\u201d in instrumental case here and means \u201croute\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043c<\/strong> \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u201d (\u201cto test by<\/strong> means<\/strong> of<\/strong> making experiments\u201d). Here, \u201c\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0451\u043c \u201d as a preposition means \u201cby means of\u201d and creates a relation between the noun \u201c\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u201d and the verb \u201c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"arrow_direction\"

Image by PublicDomainPictures<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Derivative prepositions are almost always replaceable with a synonymous non-derivative prepositions (\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438):<\/h3>\n

\u00ab\u042f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 <\/strong>\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab\u042f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Here, prepositions \u201c\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u201d and \u201c\u043e\u201d are synonymous.<\/p>\n

Some other examples include:<\/p>\n

\u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u2192 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n

Be careful with derivative prepositions \u201c\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u201d, \u201c\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d since they are written almost exactly as the nouns from which they came from. Just remember that prepositions, unlike their “parent” nouns, won’t change the ending from “\u0435” to “\u0438”.<\/p>\n

Refer to the aforementioned tricks and ask questions to check whether something is a noun or a preposition.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0418\u043b\u044c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f [\u0432 \u0447\u0451\u043c? \u0433\u0434\u0435?] \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/span>. \u2192 noun. (\u201cIlya was in captivity.\u201d)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/span> [\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e?] \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e… \u2192 preposition. (\u201cIn conclusion…\u201d) Prepositions are always part of the question.<\/p>\n

\"books_research\"<\/p>\n

Image by Free-Photos<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p>\n

Test out the sentences below and see if you can determine which of them have derivative prepositions and which contain homonymous nouns, noun phrases, and adverbs.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443 \/ \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443), \u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n
  2. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443 \/ \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443), \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0451.<\/li>\n
  3. (\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c.<\/li>\n
  4. (\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435) \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0444\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b (\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/li>\n
  5. (\u0412\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \/ \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435) \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n
  6. \u041c\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 (\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \/ \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435) \u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n
  7. (\u0412 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \/ \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435) \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"wind_direction\"

    Prepositions (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438) are functional words that work together with nouns, noun phrases, and pronouns to show direction, time, and relation to other objects. Other wonderful blogs on this platform have covered prepositions (Russian prepositions of direction, prepositions of time, “\u0432” or “\u043d\u0430”) and provided great guidance on when to use them and even how to…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":171,"featured_media":12686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[6,8,7828],"tags":[1131,1237,1248,1674],"class_list":["post-12681","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-learning-russian","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language","tag-1674"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/171"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12681"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12720,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12681\/revisions\/12720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}