{"id":12971,"date":"2020-09-21T16:57:20","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T16:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=12971"},"modified":"2020-09-21T16:57:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T16:57:20","slug":"the-basic-universal-facial-expressions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/the-basic-universal-facial-expressions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Basic Universal Facial Expressions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Emotion (\u044d\u043c\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em>) is the process of automatically reacting (\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>) to events based on the personal past. Charles Darwin<\/a> was one of the first to study emotions (\u044d\u043c\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/em>). His evolutionary theory of the origin of emotions, “The Expression of Emotions in Humans and Animals<\/a> “, published in 1872, described the principle of a living organism and proved that human and animal behavior (\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>) is not very different.<\/p>\n

According to this theory, emotions developed in the evolution of living beings as vital adaptive (\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/em>) mechanisms. Since then, there have been arguments both in favor and against Darwin\u2019s conclusions. after\u00a0the publication of Darwin’s work, a number of psychologists (\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/em>) continued to study this subject.<\/p>\n

\"Mask\"

Image by MiRUTH_de<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Paul Ekman<\/a> was the pioneer of research on emotion recognition in the 1960s. Through his studies, Ekman found that facial expressions (\u043c\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/em>\/\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0301<\/i>)<\/em> are universal across members of Western and Eastern cultures. Today, he separates those indicating happiness (\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435\/\u0440\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/em>), disgust (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>), anger (\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\/<\/em>\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0432<\/em>), sadness (\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u043b\u044c<\/em>), surprise (\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>), fear (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/em>), and contempt (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>). The number of basic emotions changed during the study: for example, in 1992, Ekman wrote that there are six basic emotions – anger, fear, sadness, joy (\u0440\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/em>), disgust, and surprise – and there were five more, which could also be included in this group: contempt, shame (\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434<\/em>), guilt (\u0447\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0301<\/span><\/em>), embarrassment (\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>), and awe (\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043f\u0435\u0442<\/em>). Each basic emotion has a corresponding facial microexpression<\/a> (\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>), which no one can hide because it is practically not controlled. Microexpressions often take fractions of a second, and only trained people can pick up on them if a person is “wearing a mask” of another emotion. But none of us can have a poker face all the time.<\/p>\n

Let’s take a look at those seven basic facial expressions and the spots to pay attention to for reading them.<\/p>\n

Joy\/Happiness (\u0440\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\/<\/em>\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Radost.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Happiness\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Crow’s feet (\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/em>) are near the eyes (\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301<\/i><\/em>)
\nThe mouth (\u0440\u043e\u0442<\/em>) may be open (\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0301<\/span>\u0442<\/em>)
\nThe teeth (\u0437\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0431\u044b<\/em>) may be exposed (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0301<\/span><\/em>)
\nThe lip (\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0301<\/i><\/em>) corners (\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/em>) are raised upwards\u00a0(\u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/em>)
\nThe wrinkles (\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u043a\u0438<\/em>) are in between the nose (\u043d\u043e\u0441<\/em>) to the outer lip
\nThe cheeks (\u0449\u0451\u043a\u0438<\/em>) are raised (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b<\/em>)
\nThe lower eyelid (\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e<\/em>) may wrinkle or tense (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i><\/em>)<\/p>\n

Surprise (\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Udivlenie.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Surprise\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

The eyebrows are raised and arched (\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b<\/em>)
\nThe eyes are wide open, the whites of the eye (\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0301<\/i> \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437<\/em>) are visible from above and below
\nHorizontal wrinkles are across the forehead
\nThe jaw opens, the teeth are parted (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b<\/em>), and lower teeth are visible<\/p>\n

Sadness (\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u043b\u044c<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Pechal.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Sadness\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

The inner part (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/em>) of the eyebrow corners is pulled in and then goes up
\nThe lower jaw is raised
\nThe corners of the mouth are down
\nThe lower lip is pouted out (\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0442<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Disgust (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Otvraschenie2.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Disgust\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

The upper (\u0432\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044f\u044f<\/em>) lip is raised
\nUpper teeth can be exposed
\nWrinkles from the bridge of the nose (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/em>)
\nThe cheeks are raised
\nEyes are narrowed (\u0441\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Anger (\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\/<\/em>\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0432<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Zlost.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Anger\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

The lower lip is tense, or lips are pressed (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u0442\u044b) <\/em>firmly (\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0442\u043d\u043e<\/em>)
\nLip corners are down (\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0301<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/em>)
\nVertical lines (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/em>) can appear between the brows (\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0432\u0438<\/em>)
\nThe brows are lowered and brought together (\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0301<\/span> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/em>)
\nEyes bulging (\u0432\u044b\u0301<\/span>\u043f\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/em>)
\nThe nostrils (\u043d\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0438<\/em>) can be dilated (\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b<\/em>)
\nThe lower (\u043d\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u0436\u043d\u044f\u044f<\/em>) jaw (\u0447\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/em>) protrudes (\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0434<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Fear (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Strakh.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Fear\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

The eyebrows (\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301<\/span><\/i>\u0432\u0438<\/em>) are raised and form a straight line (\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>)
\nHorizontal (\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0301<\/i>\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/em>) wrinkles are in the center of the forehead (\u043b\u043e\u0431<\/em>)
\nThe upper eyelid is raised, but the lower eyelid is tense
\nThe mouth is slightly open (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0301<\/span>\u0442<\/em>)
\nEyes are open wider (\u0448\u0438\u0301<\/i>\u0440\u0435<\/em>) than normal, showing the upper white of the eye<\/p>\n

Contempt (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0301<\/i>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>)<\/h2>\nhttps:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2020\/09\/Prezrenie2.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n
\"Contempt\"

Image by Buster Benson <\/a> from Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

One side of the mouth is raised<\/p>\n

Try it yourself. Read each of the descriptions above and select the picture below that you think best illustrates these people’s emotions.<\/p>\n

\"Fear\"

Image by PublicDomainPictures<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

\"Angry

Image by Ashish_Choudhary<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

\"Making

Image by FotoRieth<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

\"Sad

Image by Pezibear<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

A facial expression can tell us without words how others are feeling. They are very important in our communication with each other.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"Mask\"

Emotion (\u044d\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044f) is the process of automatically reacting (\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435) to events based on the personal past. Charles Darwin was one of the first to study emotions (\u044d\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0438). His evolutionary theory of the origin of emotions, “The Expression of Emotions in Humans and Animals “, published in 1872, described the principle of a living organism and…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":170,"featured_media":12993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[541367,541370,541368,541369],"class_list":["post-12971","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vocabulary","tag-emotions-in-russian","tag-face-in-russian","tag-facial-expressions-in-russian","tag-feelings-in-russian"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/170"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12971"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13013,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12971\/revisions\/13013"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}