{"id":13352,"date":"2020-12-14T16:51:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T16:51:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=13352"},"modified":"2020-12-14T16:51:55","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T16:51:55","slug":"%d0%b6%d0%b5-particle-or-conjunction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/%d0%b6%d0%b5-particle-or-conjunction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0416\u0415: particle or conjunction?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0416\u0415<\/strong> [pronounced \u201czhe\u201d, see here for audio<\/a>] can be either a particle or conjunction. Either way, it is written separately from the words it modifies and can add a lot of \u201cflavor\u201d to your Russian.<\/p>\n

\u0416\u0415 <\/strong>as a particle<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The main function of this particle is to either intensify the word before, or show the similarity between things. In the first instance, the message that is being intensified can range from persuasive to threatening and everything in between. For example:<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> <\/span>\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301! <\/em>(Leave me alone for crying out loud!)<\/em><\/p>\n

Here, particle \u0436\u0435<\/strong> intensifies the word \u201c\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0442\u0435<\/strong>\u201d before it, so the sentiment of \u201cleave me alone\u201d is stronger than if the speaker were to omit \u0436\u0435<\/strong> and only say \u201c\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301<\/strong>\u201d While the message of this exclamation is already very straight-forward, \u201c\u0436\u0435<\/strong>\u201d adds a nice touch of finality to the speaker\u2019s irritation with whoever is not leaving them alone [hence the \u201ccrying out loud\u201d part].<\/p>\n

\"megaphone\"

Image by Albrecht Fietz<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Particle \u0436\u0435<\/strong> can intensify different parts of speech, for example:<\/p>\n

Noun<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0430! \u041d\u0443, \u044f\u0301\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0301 \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c?<\/em><\/p>\n

So, what if you are on a diet! You are allowed to eat an apple, aren\u2019t you?<\/em><\/p>\n

Adjective\/numeral<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0301 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0441\u0438\u043b \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pasha dropped out of music school during his very first year.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pronoun<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0421\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u041a\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435! \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d!<\/em><\/p>\n

Call Kate immediately! She doesn\u2019t know about today\u2019s exam!<\/em><\/p>\n

Now, let\u2019s look at \u0436\u0435 as an agent of drawing similarity between things.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0301\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n

We made hearty borscht the way grandma used to make it.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0416\u0435<\/strong> functions as an equalizer of heartiness between the two soups.<\/p>\n

\"borscht\"

Image by ivabalk<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Note: <\/strong>\u0436\u0435<\/strong> can also be written as \u0436<\/strong>, depending on which version leaves the sentence more sonorous.
\n\u0422\u044b \u0436\u0435<\/strong> \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044f. = \u0422\u044b \u0436<\/strong> \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0301\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044f.<\/em><\/p>\n

You said you would finish your homework tonight. <\/em><\/p>\n

\"silhouettes\"<\/p>\n

Image by Gerd Altmann<\/a> from Pixabay<\/a>\u0416\u0435 as conjunction.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0416\u0435<\/strong> is known as \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437<\/strong> (adversative conjunction) and shows opposition between characteristics or functions of things. Other adversative conjunctions in Russian include \u0430, \u0434\u0430<\/strong>\u00a0(when it means\u00a0\u00ab\u043d\u043e<\/strong>\u00bb), \u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e<\/strong>\u00a0(when it means\u00a0\u00ab\u043d\u043e<\/strong>\u00bb).<\/p>\n

\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0301 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0435, \u044f \u0436\u0435<\/strong> <\/span>\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439.<\/em><\/p>\n

My younger brothers fell asleep in the car, while I stayed up all the way till we got home.<\/em><\/p>\n

Notice that it\u2019s relatively easy to substitute \u0436\u0435 with another adversative conjunction, like \u201c\u0430\u201d though the meaning is slightly different.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0301 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0435, \u0430<\/strong><\/span> \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439.<\/em><\/p>\n

My younger brothers fell asleep in the car, but I stayed up all the way till we got home.<\/em><\/p>\n

Another common way to effectively use particle \u0436\u0435 is when building up to a contrasting conclusion, for example:<\/p>\n

\u041f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044e \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0301 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043b \u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0430 \u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0435\u0301\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 9. \u00a0\u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0436\u0435<\/strong> <\/span>\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0301\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/em><\/p>\n

Five days a week Masha would spend an hour by bus and 30 minutes on foot to get to the old part of town. She would come home after 9. Nevertheless, she continued to attend extra lessons with her old math teacher.<\/em><\/p>\n

It helps that \u0436\u0435<\/strong> serves distinctly different functions as a particle vs conjunction. Did this blog leave you curious for other fun facts about \u0436\u0435<\/strong>? See another popular blog on this channel about \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 <\/strong>and \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435<\/strong> here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"megaphone\"

\u0416\u0415 [pronounced \u201czhe\u201d, see here for audio] can be either a particle or conjunction. Either way, it is written separately from the words it modifies and can add a lot of \u201cflavor\u201d to your Russian. \u0416\u0415 as a particle The main function of this particle is to either intensify the word before, or show the…<\/p>\n

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