{"id":1440,"date":"2010-09-15T23:33:01","date_gmt":"2010-09-15T23:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=1440"},"modified":"2010-09-16T07:45:19","modified_gmt":"2010-09-16T07:45:19","slug":"wondrous-world-of-syntax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wondrous-world-of-syntax\/","title":{"rendered":"Enter the Wondrous World of \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u00bb [Syntax]"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Almost a long time ago now, we had a post called <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-grammar-in-russian\/\" target=\"_blank\">Russian Grammar \u2013 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e-<\/strong><strong>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438!\u00bb<\/strong> [in Russian!]<\/a>. It explored what different <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438 <\/strong><strong>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [parts of speech] are called in Russian and also tried to explain <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>?\u00bb<\/strong> [why?] a verb is called <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u00bb<\/strong>, a noun <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> and an adverb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>. Today I\u2019m not asking you to remember that <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u00bb<\/strong> [verb] comes from the Old Slavonic verb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to speak], <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [noun] is derived from the verb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to exist] and that <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [adverb] can loosely be translated as to mean <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>\u2018on\/in speak\u2019<\/em>]. Today I\u2019m suggesting we do something a little bit different, namely \u2013 take a closer look at <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <\/strong><strong>\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u00bb<\/strong> [Russian syntax]. The first question we all should ask ourselves is: <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e <\/strong><strong>\u0442\u0430\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81\" target=\"_blank\">\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/a> <\/strong><strong>\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>?\u00bb<\/strong> [What is <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syntax\" target=\"_blank\">syntax<\/a> in general?] Syntax is what is always there for us when we need to find out about the principles and rules for constructing sentences. Syntax is a very helpful invention, especially when studying a foreign language as the rules for proper construction of sentences might differ \u2013 <em>A LOT!<\/em> \u2013 from your native language. A sentence in Russian is called <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)\" target=\"_blank\">\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>\u00bb<\/strong>. Don&#8217;t confuse this word in today&#8217;s context with the standard phrase:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab\u0441\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 + \u043a\u043e\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>?\u00bb<\/strong> [to propose + to whom? <em>(lit. To make an offer\/sentence to someone)<\/em>],<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">for in today\u2019s post <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043c\u044b <\/strong><strong>\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043c <\/strong><strong>\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> [we&#8217;re going to make sentences] of another kind. In today\u2019s post we\u2019re not going to explore the subject of Russian syntax all the way, so to speak, but instead try to create for ourselves a general idea of what this grammatical category can bring into our lives \u2013 just in what ways it might be enriching to our devout studies of the Russian language.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Every Russian sentence must usually contain TWO (2) so called <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0447\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044b <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> [parts of the sentence]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian syntax <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\">\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/a>\u00bb<\/strong> means <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subject_(grammar)\" target=\"_blank\">SUBJECT<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Think of <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>neut.<\/em> subject] as being derived <em>(and it is!)<\/em> from the verb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb <\/strong>[<em>impfv. (with dative)<\/em> to be subject (to); to be liable to], used in sentences like <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0442\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0440 <\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442 <\/strong><strong>\u043e\u0431\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u00bb <\/strong>[the product is not subject to exchange].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian syntax <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5\" target=\"_blank\">\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435<\/a>\u00bb<\/strong> means <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Predicate_(grammar)\" target=\"_blank\">PREDICATE<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Because the predicate in a sentence is often the verb, think of <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>neut.<\/em> predicate] as being derived from the perfect verb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to say, speak, tell]. And a sentence without a predicate \u2013 mostly it is a verb \u2013 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0442\u0430\u043a <\/strong><strong>\u0443\u0436 <\/strong><strong>\u043c\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u043e <\/strong><strong>\u0438 <\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [doesn&#8217;t really tell\/say that much].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">An example of a Russian sentence with one <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[subject] and one <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[predicate]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [Pyotr sings].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">An example of a Russian sentence with one <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[subject] and two <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[predicates]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u0442 <\/strong><strong>\u0438 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u044c\u0451\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [Alyona sings and drinks].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">An example of a Russian sentence with two <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0438\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[subject] and one <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[predicate]:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 <\/strong><strong>\u0438 <\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>\u0433\u0443\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044f<\/span>\u044e\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>here:<\/em> Pyotr and Alyona are partying].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In English syntax, sentences <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0431\u0435\u0437 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u00bb <\/strong>[without a subject] are rare and sometimes not even possible. In Russian syntax, sentences with only a <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[predicate] in the form of a verb are not rare at all and highly possible. Most often sentences of this kind informs about different weather conditions or other natural phenomena where it is not always too easy to say WHO the subject is:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [&#8216;It is starting to get dark outside\u2019\/\u2019the evening is approaching\u2019] \u2013 a verb made from the noun <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [evening].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> [\u2018It has become a little bit colder\u2019] \u2013 a verb made from the noun <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0445<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [cold].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Russian sentences, just like sentences in all other languages of the world, would be rather boring if all they contained were a subject and a predicate. That\u2019s why Russian syntax allows for yet another category:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian syntax, <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)\" target=\"_blank\">\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>\u00bb<\/strong> means <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Object_(grammar)\" target=\"_blank\">OBJECT<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Think of the verb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>impfv.<\/em> to expand, enlarge; to amplify, add to] and the adverb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> [in addition] and thus the Russian <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [object] is something you add to a sentence that would\u2019ve been correct and complete even without it \u2013 but a bit boring, right?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian syntax, we have two kinds of objects \u2013 mainly, and this is true for many other languages as well, so if you remember your school syntax, then I\u2019m not going to loose you as we did deeper into the wondrous world of syntax:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">First there\u2019s <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> which means DIRECT OBJECT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian language <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [direct object] very often takes on the form of <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0432\u0438\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb<\/strong> [accusative case], like in the following sentence:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440 <\/strong><strong>\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044e<\/span>\u0431\u0438\u0442 <\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u00bb<\/strong> [Pyotr loves Alyona].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this sentence <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0451\u0442\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [Pyotr] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [subject], <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043b\u044e\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [loves] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [predicate] and <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [Alyona] is the <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [direct object]. I don\u2019t know why so many school kids think syntax is boring, difficult and not fun at all? It is really very easy! And what a great way to spend a relaxing Saturday afternoon \u2013 dissecting a poem by <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0434\u0440 <\/strong><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 <\/strong><\/a><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87\" target=\"_blank\">\u041f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d<\/a>\u00bb<\/strong> [<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Pushkin\" target=\"_blank\">Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin<\/a>] <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>\u0447\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044b <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> [according to parts of the sentences]\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Secondly, there\u2019s <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>which means INDIRECT OBJECT.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In Russian language <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [indirect object] is often expressed by the noun \u2013 if it is as noun \u2013 taking the form of <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb<\/strong> [dative case]. This isn\u2019t ALWAYS the case, though, so be sure to be aware of this rule not always applying. But in the following sentences it is:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442 <\/strong><strong>\u0432\u0438\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span> <\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [Alyona pours Pyotr wine].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In this sentence <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0410\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0451<\/span>\u043d\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [Alyona] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [subject], <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [pours] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [predicate], <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0432\u0438\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [wine] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [direct object] and <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [<em>(to) <\/em>Pyotr] is <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 <\/strong><strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb <\/strong>[indirect object]. Did you all follow that?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Of course, Russian syntax is much more complicated \u2013 <em>deep<\/em>, if you\u2019d like \u2013 than what I have tried to illustrate above. There are plenty of more difficult constructions of sentences in Russian, and a whole lot more for us to discuss in the future. But I think we\u2019ve done enough for one day today.\u00a0And so as not to leave you simply longing for more, try and pick these two sentences apart and tell me what\u2019s subject, predicate and direct\/indirect objects in the comments:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>1. \u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>!\u00bb<\/strong> <em>(yes, it is a tricky one!)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>2. \u00ab\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0438<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb <em>(<\/em><em>yeah<\/em><em>, <\/em><em>this<\/em><em> <\/em><em>is<\/em><em> <\/em><em>tricky<\/em><em> <\/em><em>too<\/em><em>&#8230;)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka.jpg\" aria-label=\"Cheburashka\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1441\" title=\"cheburashka\"  alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"300\" \/ src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka.jpg 357w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka-350x294.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Want people to know <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>\u0442\u044b <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0435<\/span>\u0435\u0448\u044c <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c\u00bb <\/em><\/strong><em>[you speak Russian] even when you\u2019re not within the Russian Federation? Wear a <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><\/em><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0\" target=\"_blank\">\u0427\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u043a\u0430<\/a>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><em> [&#8216;<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheburashka\" target=\"_blank\">Cheburashka<\/a>&#8216;] on your purse \u2013 like I\u2019m doing here in San Francisco \u2013 and you\u2019ll see the proverb <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span> <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u044f<\/span>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u00bb <\/em><\/strong><em>[Russians are always close\/around] is true indeed! Russians in the USA always talk to me when they see my <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>\u0427\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u043a\u0430\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><em> [&#8216;Cheburashka&#8217;] \u2013 don\u2019t knock it until you\u2019ve tried it!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka-350x294.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka-350x294.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2010\/09\/cheburashka.jpg 357w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>Almost a long time ago now, we had a post called Russian Grammar \u2013 \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438!\u00bb [in Russian!]. It explored what different \u00ab\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u00bb [parts of speech] are called in Russian and also tried to explain \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443?\u00bb [why?] a verb is called \u00ab\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u00bb, a noun \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\u00bb and an adverb \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0435\u00bb. Today I\u2019m not asking you to&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wondrous-world-of-syntax\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":1441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8,7828,7826],"tags":[11417,3323,11415,1198,1237,1248,11416,6767,3433,8118,11420,11422,11418,11426,11421,1790,1674,11423,1696,11424,11419,11427,11425],"class_list":["post-1440","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","category-when-in-russia","tag-cheburashka","tag-object","tag-predicate","tag-pushkin","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language","tag-russian-syntax","tag-sentence","tag-subject","tag-syntax","tag-11420","tag-11422","tag-11418","tag-11426","tag-11421","tag-1790","tag-1674","tag-11423","tag-1696","tag-11424","tag-11419","tag-11427","tag-11425"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1440"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1457,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1440\/revisions\/1457"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}