{"id":15001,"date":"2022-01-31T18:03:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T18:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=15001"},"modified":"2022-02-02T02:02:37","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T02:02:37","slug":"racing-through-prefixes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/racing-through-prefixes\/","title":{"rendered":"Racing through prefixes"},"content":{"rendered":"

One of my favorite ways to learn verbs in Russian has always been to sit down, choose a verb, and run through all its possible prefixes, choosing example sentences to really cement the meaning in my mind. I have found this exercise especially useful with verbs of motion, which can have a broad range of meanings.<\/p>\n

So, without further ado, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u043b\u0438<\/strong>!<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Stephan Seeber: Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n

Well, there it is. The verb I wanted to explore today. \u0413\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is a verb of motion that has several meanings. In the example above, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/strong>! means something similar to \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438\/\u043f\u043e\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/strong> let\u2019s go<\/em>. Aside from that, its main meaning is \u201cto drive something\u201d or \u201cto make something move.\u201d \u0413\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u043c\u044f\u0447 <\/strong>\u0432 <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u0430<\/strong> to drive the ball into the goal<\/em>, \u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0434\u043e<\/strong> to herd a flock<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0413\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> can also mean a rude and forceful way to say \u201cto give,\u201d \u2013 \u0431\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0431\u043a\u0438 <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301<\/strong> cough up (the money),<\/em> or \u201cto chase someone away\u201d: \u041c\u044b <\/strong>\u0442\u043e\u0301<\/strong>\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0301, <\/strong>\u0430 <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0441 <\/strong>\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0301 <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u0301<\/strong>\u043d\u044f\u0442!<\/strong> We just got here and they\u2019re already kicking us out!<\/em><\/p>\n

It can also mean \u201cto brew,\u201d which we can see in \u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442<\/strong>, hence the word \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/u>\u0301<\/u><\/strong>\u043d<\/u><\/strong> moonshine<\/em>, which, if we create a calque in English for the purposes of demonstrating the word\u2019s meaning, would translate to \u201cself-brew.\u201d<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s run through a few of the prefixes, shall we? I will explain a typical meaning of a prefix and then give its example with \u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\/<\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/p>\n

This verb is prominently featured in driving vocabulary, as you will see below.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c\/\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0414\u043e<\/strong>– typically means \u201cup to a certain point, to the end,\u201d which we can see in words like \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c [<\/strong>\u0434\u043e <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0301]<\/strong> to read to the end<\/em>; \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> to finish speaking<\/em>; \u0434\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u0301 to make it, to reach a certain point<\/em>.<\/p>\n

This means \u201cto catch up.\u201d Khrushchev is known for his slogan \u0414\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0438 <\/strong>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> Catching up and exceeding,<\/em> meaning the Soviets would catch up to and exceed the US.<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/strong>– means to \u201cdo something over\u201d (here \u201cover\u201d meaning both \u201ctoo much\u201d and \u201cagain\u201d).<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c\/\u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u041e\u0431<\/strong>– means \u201caround.\u201d \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u0301 means to walk around something.<\/p>\n

After you catch up with someone, what do you do? You pass them! This motion is physically different from \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> because, while you are still technically \u201cexceeding\u201d the other person, the \u043e\u0431<\/strong>– prefix suggests you are physically going around someone who is driving slower than you.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u0412\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u0440\u044b. | The driver is passing tractor trailers.
\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Markus Spiske: Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c\/\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0420\u0430\u0437<\/strong>– can have several meanings, including \u201cspreading out\u201d the action; \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> to tell [to \u201csay\u201d something to a lot of people]<\/em>, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> to stretch out<\/em>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> to unpack (something)<\/em>; but here we will address the meaning that suggests intensity of an action, which is present in verbs like \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> to heat up, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> to get angry<\/em>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0301<\/strong>\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> to share too much information about oneself<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301<\/strong>\u043d\u0443<\/strong> means \u201cto speed up\u201d or \u201cto race\u201d your car. \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0301\u043d\u0434 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e 100 \u043a\u043c\/\u0447 (\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441)?<\/strong> How many seconds does it take you to get the car from 0-100km\/h? <\/em>In fact, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0301<\/strong>\u043d <\/strong>\u0434\u043e 100<\/strong>\u043a\u043c\/<\/strong>\u0447<\/strong> is a popular selling point for fast cars.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Digital Buggu: Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> also means to disperse a crowd. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u043c\u0438\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong> to break up a protest<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c\/\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0423<\/strong>– in motion verbs means \u201caway,\u201d and usually \u201cfar away, for a long time.\u201d \u0423\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\u0301 means \u201cto leave,\u201d \u0443\u0435\u0301<\/strong>\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> means \u201cto leave (town),\u201d \u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> means \u201cto fly away.\u201d So what does \u0443\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> mean?<\/p>\n

To carjack. Well, that depends on what the vehicle being stolen is. \u0423\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u043c\u043e\u0301<\/strong>\u0436\u043d\u043e <\/strong>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301<\/strong>\u043d\u0443, <\/strong>\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0431\u043b\u044c, <\/strong>\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a <\/strong>\u0438\u043b\u0438 <\/strong>\u0434\u0430\u0301<\/strong>\u0436\u0435 <\/strong>\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/strong>. You can steal a car, a plane, a ship, a tank, or even a mobile vaccination point.<\/em><\/p>\n

As always with posts like these, examples given are not the only meanings of these verbs. I encourage you to expand your knowledge of these verbs by looking at examples of their usage, either by using Witkionary or by consulting their usage on Kartaslov.ru<\/a>. What other interesting uses of this verb have you found?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

One of my favorite ways to learn verbs in Russian has always been to sit down, choose a verb, and run through all its possible prefixes, choosing example sentences to really cement the meaning in my mind. I have found this exercise especially useful with verbs of motion, which can have a broad range of…<\/p>\n

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