{"id":1924,"date":"2011-03-21T21:34:24","date_gmt":"2011-03-21T21:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=1924"},"modified":"2014-07-17T14:37:59","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T14:37:59","slug":"using-the-instrumental-case-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/using-the-instrumental-case-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Using the Instrumental Case, Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u00ab\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [Dear friends], I have a special relationship (for some reason, my phrasing there is reminding me of the &#8220;special relationship&#8221; between the United States and Great Britain) with <strong>\u00ab\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb<\/strong> [the instrumental case]. You see, back in the good old days when I was first starting to learn Russian, <strong>\u00ab\u0443\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb<\/strong> [the textbook] simply stopped with learning <strong>\u00ab\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [cases] after the other five cases were learned. Of course, I was very curious about the instrumental case, so I did what any sensible, Russian-obsessed girl would do: I looked ahead in the textbook and taught myself. And now I am teaching you about the instrumental case. First we&#8217;ll go over endings, and then usage.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00ab\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> [Endings]<\/p>\n<p>For nouns, the endings are as follows: <strong>\u00ab\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [masculine and neuter] take <strong>\u00ab-\u043e\u043c\u00bb<\/strong> and <strong>\u00ab\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [feminine] takes <strong>\u00ab-\u043e\u0439\u00bb<\/strong>. <strong>\u00ab\u041c\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [Plural] takes <strong>\u00ab-\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong>. A few examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0436 \u2014 \u043d\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u2014 \u043d\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [knife]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043a\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0433\u0430 \u2014 \u043a\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u043a\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [book]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u0437\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0437\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u0437\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [building]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043e\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0446 \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0446<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u0446<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [father]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u044c \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u044c\u044e \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [notebook]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0430 \u2014 \u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [porridge]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notice how if the noun is soft, the ending also must be soft, like with the word <strong>\u00ab\u0437\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>. Also, the spelling rules must be observed: <strong>\u00ab\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> becomes <strong>\u00ab\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439\u00bb<\/strong> because the vowel after <strong>\u00ab\u0448\u00bb<\/strong> is unstressed. And finally, feminine nouns ending in <strong>\u00ab-\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [the soft sign] have the ending <strong>\u00ab-\u044c\u044e\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Now for adjectives: <strong>\u00ab\u043c\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [masculine and neuter] take <strong>\u00ab-\u044b\u043c\u00bb<\/strong> and <strong>\u00ab\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [feminine] takes <strong>\u00ab-\u043e\u0439\u00bb<\/strong>. <strong>\u00ab\u041c\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> [Plural] takes <strong>\u00ab-\u044b\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong>. Here are some examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044b\u043c \u2014 \u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [new]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u043c \u2014 \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [dark blue]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u2014 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [bad]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u0445\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0448\u0438\u043c \u2014 \u0445\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u0445\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [good]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, we now know how to form the instrumental case. Now the question is: <strong>\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span>\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f?\u00bb<\/strong> [How is it used?]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As an instrument to do something, such as: <strong>\u00ab\u042f \u043f\u0438\u0448<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span> \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0448<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c.\u00bb<\/strong> [I am writing with a pencil.]<\/li>\n<li>With the past, future, and infinitive of <strong>\u00ab\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to be]:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u042f \u0445\u043e\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span> \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c.\u00bb<\/strong> [I want to be president.]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u041e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u043c.\u00bb<\/strong> [He was a soldier.]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00ab\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c.\u00bb<\/strong> [She will be an architect.]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>But remember: nationalities are always in the nominative case: <strong>\u00ab\u041e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span> \u0431\u044b\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span> \u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f.\u00bb<\/strong> [She was Russian.]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Certain verbs take the instrumental case, as do certain prepositions, but we will talk about that on Wednesday.<\/p>\n<p><em>To be continued&#8230; Not to keep all of you in suspense, but I don&#8217;t want to overwhelm anyone. I decided to stop here, for now, because I started to overwhelm myself a bit! Check back on Wednesday for a post on further usage of the instrumental case. And, as always, if you have a question, don&#8217;t hesitate to ask!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"250\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2011\/03\/Novoanninsky_church-250x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2011\/03\/Novoanninsky_church-250x350.jpg 250w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2011\/03\/Novoanninsky_church.jpg 428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><p>\u00ab\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u00bb [Dear friends], I have a special relationship (for some reason, my phrasing there is reminding me of the &#8220;special relationship&#8221; between the United States and Great Britain) with \u00ab\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u00bb [the instrumental case]. You see, back in the good old days when I was first starting to learn Russian, \u00ab\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb [the textbook]&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/using-the-instrumental-case-part-1\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":1942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[35338,1213,1237,1248,1674,1696],"class_list":["post-1924","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-confusing-russian-grammar-rules","tag-russian","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language","tag-1674","tag-1696"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/65"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1924"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6292,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1924\/revisions\/6292"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}