{"id":2233,"date":"2011-07-30T03:18:51","date_gmt":"2011-07-30T03:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=2233"},"modified":"2014-07-17T17:14:52","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T17:14:52","slug":"how-to-say-default-in-russian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/how-to-say-default-in-russian\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Say “Default” in Russian"},"content":{"rendered":"

Have you ever wished for a time machine? What would you use \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> for if you did have it? The protagonists of Soviet \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [science fiction] were always using time machines for various noble deeds, such as dinosaur research or, say, trying to save \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/span> <\/strong>\u0438\u0437 <\/strong>\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438<\/span> <\/strong>\u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0441 <\/strong>\u0441\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [one of the seven wonders of the world]. Such \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u0430<\/span>\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [na\u00efve goody two shoes] these idealistic heroes were!<\/p>\n

That\u2019s why I immediately fell in love with \u00ab<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u0434 <\/strong>\u0432 <\/strong>\u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [Back to the Future] and all its sequels. I mean, here were folks using a time machine for their private, practical goals. And while the goals weren\u2019t always perfect or even very ethical, they were realistic and refreshing.<\/p>\n

All this goes to say that if I were to have a time machine, I would had used it to find out \u00ab<\/strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e <\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c <\/strong>\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443<\/span>\u0449\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u043c\u043d\u0435 <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [what tomorrow holds for me] and place my bets accordingly.<\/p>\n

Like I wouldn\u2019t even worry about travelling \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432 <\/strong>\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451<\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0435 <\/strong>\u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [to the distant future]. Instead, if I were to get a hold of \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> today, I\u2019d go to \u00ab2 <\/strong>\u0430<\/span><\/strong>\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e <\/strong>\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [August 2nd<\/sup> of this year].<\/p>\n

That\u2019s the day when we\u2019ll know for sure whether the US will default on its foreign debt, an event that, if it happens, will have tremendous impact on economies around the world.<\/p>\n

Now, before I go any further, this is not a blog about politics or economics.<\/span> This is a post about Russia and all things Russian. So while I can\u2019t change the big picture, I can at least \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u0443 <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [use the opportunity] to go over some vocabulary.<\/p>\n

You might remember that Russia went through its own<\/a> \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> [default] back in 1998. That\u2019s actually the year the word itself entered everyday Russian conversations. Another way to translate \u201cdefault\u201d is \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0437 <\/strong>\u043e\u0442 <\/strong>\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044b <\/strong>\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0433\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [refusal to pay off debt] or \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e <\/strong>\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 <\/strong>\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0433\u0430\u00bb <\/strong>[breach of obligations on debt repayment].<\/p>\n

Moving on to the verb \u201cto default\u201d, things get a bit muddier. Here\u2019s an example: \u00ab<\/strong>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438<\/span>\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442 <\/strong>\u0431\u044b\u043b <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f<\/span>\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d <\/strong>\u0432 <\/strong>\u0430<\/span><\/strong>\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 1998-<\/strong>\u0433\u043e <\/strong>\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [Russia defaulted in August of 1998].<\/p>\n

\u201cTo default\u201d can be translated as \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> or \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c <\/strong>\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 <\/strong>\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0445 <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u00bb<\/strong> [stop repayment of debt] or \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f <\/strong>\u043e\u0442 <\/strong>\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b <\/strong>\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0433\u0430\u00bb <\/strong>[refuse to repay debt]. And that\u2019s how \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [print media] reports it. But on the Internet, in chat rooms and forums, a word \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> has started to appear, meaning \u201cto send into a default\u201d.<\/p>\n

The verb \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> is pretty interesting mostly because it is formed with a suffix \u00ab-<\/strong>\u043d\u0443-\u00bb<\/strong>. Lots of Russian verbs use this suffix, but they can be categorized into 2 very different groups.<\/p>\n

In the first category are verbs such as \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to perish], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to become wet], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043a\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to gain strength], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to get cold], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to lose eyesight], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to wither]. These verbs have corresponding adjectives and in general indicate a process of undergoing some sort of change.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Adjective<\/td>\n-\u043d\u0443-<\/strong> Verb<\/td>\nSentence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0413\u0438<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u044b\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0413\u0438<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0444\u044b \u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u0443. <\/strong>[All around the world, coral riffs are dying.]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041c\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041c\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 <\/strong>\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0438 <\/strong>\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0434 <\/strong>\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0451<\/span>\u043c<\/strong> [Deserted avenues are getting wet in the rain]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041c\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0437\u043b\u044b\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041c\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0415<\/span><\/strong>\u0441\u043b\u0438 <\/strong>\u0443 <\/strong>\u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/span> <\/strong>\u043c\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442 <\/strong>\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u0438, <\/strong>\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044c <\/strong>\u0442\u0451<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0435 <\/strong>\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/strong> [If your feet are cold, put on warm socks]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0421\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0421\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c <\/strong>[Continue doing this and you will be going blind]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0412\u044f<\/span>\u043b\u044b\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0412\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/span> \u0432\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u0442, \u0435<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [Why flowers wither without watering]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In the second category are the verbs such as \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u044b<\/span>\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to jump], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to rest], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to hit], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0433\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb <\/strong>[to look], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0437\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [to yawn]. These verbs are perfective, formed from other verbs, and denote non-recurring or instantaneous actions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Verb<\/td>\n-\u043d\u0443-<\/strong> Verb<\/td>\nSentence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041f\u0440\u044b<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041f\u0440\u044b<\/span>\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044b<\/span>\u0433\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043b \u043a\u0443\u0437\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/strong> [The cat jumped and caught a grasshopper]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041e\u0442\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u041e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u044c <\/strong>\u0438\u0437 <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u043a\u0438 <\/strong>\u0438 <\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443<\/span> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e <\/strong>\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u043c\u0435<\/strong> [I\u2019ll rest for real after I get back from a business trip]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0413\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0413\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0413\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0443\u043b <\/strong>\u044f <\/strong>\u0432 <\/strong>\u0437\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e, <\/strong>\u0430 <\/strong>\u043d\u0430 <\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f<\/span> <\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0430 <\/strong>\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0434\u0430 <\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong> [I took a look in the mirror; an unshaven mug stared back at me]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0417\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0417\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0435<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0445\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u043d\u043e?<\/strong> [What happens if you sneeze, cough, and yawn all at once?]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Even though \u00ab<\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> is not formed from a verb, it does carry the sense of non-recurring action. It is also a transitive verb, so an object this verb acts on will be in the accusative case as in \u00ab<\/strong>\u0413\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0446\u0438\u044e <\/strong>\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u0443\u0442 <\/strong>\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0442\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [Greece might be sent into a default<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s something else super-interesting and special about the suffix \u00ab-<\/strong>\u043d\u0443-\u00bb<\/strong>. Every Russian elementary school student knows that \u201cAll Russian words have \u00ab<\/strong>\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [a root]\u201d. That\u2019s the rule. Of course, \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u0442 <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u043b <\/strong>\u0431\u0435\u0437 <\/strong>\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb<\/strong> [there are no rules without exceptions]. Same here – in the whole Russian language there is ONE word that doesn\u2019t have a root. It only has a prefix and 2 suffixes. One of these suffixes is \u00ab-<\/strong>\u043d\u0443-\u00bb<\/strong>. Can you name the word?<\/p>\n

As for default, I don\u2019t have much else to say, except to post a list of words that just might come in handy come August 2nd<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0437\u0438\u0441\u00bb<\/strong> – economic crisis<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0437\u0438\u0441\u00bb<\/strong> – world financial crisis<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044b<\/span>\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> – erosion of credibility<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/strong>\u0443<\/span><\/strong>\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f <\/strong>\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0437\u043d\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> – drop in the living standards<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u043a <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0433\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> also \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u043b\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0433\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> – government debt ceiling<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> – sharp fall, collapse<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0445\u00bb<\/strong> – crash<\/p>\n

As for the dream of a time machine, it looks like the classic<\/a> said it<\/a> all:<\/p>\n

\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443<\/span>\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0415\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442,
\n\u0412 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0433\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043d.
\n\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0436\u0434\u044b; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u044b<\/span> \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[This day to come, what will it bring?<\/p>\n

My eyes in vain seek out the thing<\/p>\n

That\u2019s veiled in deepest mystery.<\/p>\n

No matter: a just fate awaits me.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

Have you ever wished for a time machine? What would you use \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb for if you did have it? The protagonists of Soviet \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb [science fiction] were always using time machines for various noble deeds, such as dinosaur research or, say, trying to save \u00ab\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00bb [one of the seven…<\/p>\n

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