{"id":2312,"date":"2011-09-15T08:00:40","date_gmt":"2011-09-15T08:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=2312"},"modified":"2014-07-17T17:25:10","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T17:25:10","slug":"ten-little-words-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/ten-little-words-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Ten Little Words – Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do you remember David Roberts of the “Million Scarlet Roses<\/a>” post? He’s back with more and I mean lots more insight into Russian language. And don’t be fooled by the title of the post. You will learn way more than 10 little words. And that’s just in Part 1. So here it goes…<\/em><\/p>\n

Grammatical gender is not too much of a problem in Russian, because there are simple rules to tell the gender from the ending. So if a noun ends in \u00ab<\/strong>\u2013<\/strong>\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> or \u00ab<\/strong>\u2013\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> it\u2019s usually feminine, and if it ends in \u00ab<\/strong>\u2013<\/strong>\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> or \u00ab\u2013<\/strong>\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> it\u2019s neuter. But there\u2019s another group of neuters.<\/p>\n

If you\u2019re a native English speaker learning Russian you may have come across a statement in books along the lines: \u201cThere are ten neuter nouns ending in \u00ab<\/strong>\u2013\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>; the most important of these are \u00ab\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [name] and \u00ab\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[time]\u201d. Maybe you\u2019ve wondered \u201cwhat are the others?\u201d If you\u2019re a native Russian speaker, you may not have known that there are ten of these nouns, you may not be able to list them all immediately, but you almost certainly can recognize all of them and can use all of them easily if the occasion arises.<\/p>\n

I think these ten \u00ab\u2013<\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> nouns have a fascinating story to tell, and in this article we will cover:<\/p>\n

– what are the other ones besides \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>;<\/p>\n

– how to remember them by using mutation rules to find relationships with English words;<\/p>\n

– how these feminine-looking nouns come to be neuter and not feminine.<\/p>\n

While doing all this we will get some glimpses into how Russian relates to other Slavonic languages. We (native English speakers included) may even learn one or two new English words.<\/p>\n

Native users of any language have a vocabulary of words that everyone knows and that most people use almost every day. \u00ab<\/strong>\u0418<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> come into that category, so unless you\u2019ve only just started learning Russian, you know those already. But all native speakers have a much wider vocabulary than that: they have a repertoire of words that they may not use or hear for months or even years, but when the need arises, they can understand and use these words without thinking about it.<\/p>\n

You can guarantee that during any normal day, talking to people, reading the newspaper, watching television, etc, you will encounter plenty of words in this category \u2013 you just can\u2019t predict which ones they will be. For example, \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0442<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [hammer], \u00ab<\/strong>\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [sickle], \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u043d\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [desert] \u2013 these days the first two tend to be in the last one; opinions vary as to whether this is a good thing or a bad thing. All of the \u00ab<\/strong>\u2013<\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> nouns except \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> fall into this category of always available but rarely used words.<\/p>\n

So here they are, in alphabetical order. They all have two syllables, and stress in the singular is always on the first syllable.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0411<\/strong>p<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. \u0412<\/strong>p<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. \u0412\u044b<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. \u0417\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. \u0418<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. \u041f\u043b\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  7. \u041f<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  8. \u0421<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f <\/strong>(not to be confused with \u00ab\u0421<\/strong>\u0435\u043c\u044c<\/strong>\u044f<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[family])<\/li>\n
  9. \u0421\u0442\u0440<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n
  10. \u0422<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Before we go on to the meanings and how to remember them, here\u2019s a reminder of how they decline, illustrated by \u00ab\u043f<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> (tribe):<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436<\/em><\/strong>[Case]<\/em><\/td>\n\u0415\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>[Singular]<\/em><\/td>\n\u041c\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>[Plural]<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Nominative]<\/td>\n\u043f<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435<\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Genitive]<\/td>\n\u043f<\/strong>\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0451<\/span>\u043d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0414\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Dative]<\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Accusative]<\/td>\n\u043f<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435<\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Instrumental]<\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 <\/strong>[Prepositional]<\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0445<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    In fact only \u00ab<\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>, \u00ab<\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab<\/strong>\u043f<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u0435<\/span><\/strong>\u043c<\/strong>\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> follow this pattern exactly. But they all have the same pattern in the singular, and they all have the \u00ab\u2013\u0435\u043d-\u00bb<\/strong> infix for all cases except the nominative and accusative singular.<\/p>\n

    You may have noticed that in the singular the genitive, dative and prepositional cases, quite apart from the \u00ab\u2013\u0435\u043d-\u00bb<\/strong> infix, the endings are not what we normally expect for neuter and masculine nouns (genitive \u00ab-\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> or \u00ab\u2013\u044f\u00bb<\/strong>; dative \u00ab-\u0443\u00bb<\/strong> or \u00ab\u2013\u044e\u00bb<\/strong>; prepositional \u00ab\u2013\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>). Normally the genitive ending \u00ab\u2013\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> indicates a feminine noun. However, in the Proto-slavic times that these nouns date back to the declension system was more complex than in modern Russian, and several groups of masculine and neuter nouns had declension endings similar to the ones above, without the \u00ab\u2013\u0435\u043d-\u00bb<\/strong> infix. A masculine survivor (maybe the only one) is \u00ab\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [path, way], which declines:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Case<\/em><\/td>\nSingular<\/em><\/td>\nPlural<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nominative<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Accusative<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Genitive<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dative<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f<\/span>\u043c<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Instrumental<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0451<\/span>\u043c<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f<\/span>\u043c\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Prepositional<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f<\/span>\u0445<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Remembering words by finding relationships – Mutation rules<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Most European languages have evolved over several thousands of years from an ancestral indo-European language. Words can change over time, by small steps that eventually lead to words that look and sound completely different. I find that by trying to find how words in different languages are connected, I remember them more easily. Sometimes there seems to be no connection, and one reason for this is that European languages, particularly Russian and Spanish (which has a large number of words from Arabic), have acquired loan words from contacts with non-European languages.<\/p>\n

    An example is \u00ab<\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0448<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [pencil], which comes from the Turkic language group. In modern Turkish kara<\/strong> is black and ta\u015f<\/strong> (\u015f <\/strong>is equivalent to \u0448<\/strong>) is stone. However, I often find that even if the attempt is unsuccessful, the very act of trying to find a connection helps to fix the word in my mind.<\/p>\n

    No two people pronounce words exactly the same. In an isolated population, one type of pronunciation becomes dominant, and in a different population a different type of pronunciation becomes dominant. For example, the American English and the British English pronunciation of words like \u201cwater\u201d and \u201ccity\u201d are different. As a result, over the several thousand years that the European languages have been evolving from an original common language, populations that are separated from each other come to speak differently from each other, eventually to the point where the two populations cannot understand each other. By thinking about what sounds can easily mutate into others, we can see relationships that at first glance don\u2019t seem obvious.<\/p>\n

    We can sort sounds into groups in which they can easily mutate into each other. Take, for example, d and t, plus the two English sounds represented by \u201cth\u201d. We only need to consider consonants \u2013 vowels are all easily mutated into each other and can appear and disappear. The word \u00ab\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> above is a simple example \u2013 mutate \u00ab\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> to \u201cth\u201d, change the\u00a0 vowel, and we get \u201cpath\u201d<\/em>. There are several groups of easily mutating consonants, and there are often \u201cbridges\u201d between groups. For our purposes, the two most important groups are:<\/p>\n

    The \u201cl, r, w\u201d group and the \u201cp, b, v, f, m\u201d group<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The \u201cl, r, w\u201d group is fairly obvious \u2013 in most oriental languages there is no distinction between l and r, and in Polish the w sound, represented by \u0142, is treated as a variant of l. The sounds of w and v can easily mutate into each other, so here we have a \u201cbridge\u201d between the \u201cpbvfm\u201d group and the \u201clrw\u201d group.<\/p>\n

    The similarity of p, b, v and f is fairly obvious, but m may look a bit surprising at first. However, m interchanging with b and v is a regular mutation in the Welsh language (Welsh, the descendent of the language spoken by the British until about 1500 years ago, has a grammar where the first letter of a word often mutates depending on the word\u2019s role in the sentence \u2013 this can make using a dictionary difficult), and another example of this mutation is in the name change of one of India\u2019s major cities \u2013 Bombay is now Mumbai. If you\u2019re still not convinced, think about those Russian verbs that insert \u00ab\u043b\u00bb<\/strong> (only in the first person singular if it\u2019s an \u0438<\/strong>-conjugation verb, throughout if it\u2019s an \u0435<\/strong>-conjugation verb). These are verbs with stems ending in:<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u0431\u00bb<\/strong> – \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c <\/strong>[love] \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e<\/span>, \u043b\u044e<\/span>\u0431\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u043b\u044e<\/span>\u0431\u0438\u0442, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438<\/span>\u043c, \u043b\u044e<\/span>\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043b\u044e<\/span>\u0431\u044f\u0442. <\/strong>Notice how the stress is on the \u2013\u044e <\/strong>ending in the first person singular but is on the stem in all the other forms. This applies to all \u0438<\/strong>-conjugation verbs that insert this \u00ab\u043b\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    An e<\/strong>-conjugation example is \u00ab<\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> (oscillate, hesitate, waver<\/em>) \u2013 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0448\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/strong> Notice how the inserted \u00ab<\/strong>\u043b<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> is present throughout the conjugation.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u0432\u00bb –<\/strong> \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <\/strong>[put] \u2013 \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u043b\u044e<\/strong>, \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442<\/strong>, etc.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u043f\u00bb –<\/strong> \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [drown] \u2013 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u044e<\/span>, \u0443\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u043f\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u0443\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u043f\u0438\u0442<\/strong>, etc. and \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [sleep] \u2013 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u044e, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442<\/strong>, etc.<\/p>\n

    An e<\/strong>-conjugation example is \u00ab\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [tousle, dishevel] \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044e<\/span>, \u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0442<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00ab<\/strong>\u0444<\/strong>\u00bb –<\/strong> \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u2013 <\/strong>\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043b\u044e<\/span><\/strong>etc. [rule a line on paper] (rather an obscure verb, but verbs with stems ending in \u0444<\/strong> are rare \u2013 in fact \u0444<\/strong> is one of the least used letters in the Russian alphabet).<\/p>\n

    \u00ab\u043c\u00bb –<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [feed] \u2013 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u044e<\/span>, \u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0448\u044c<\/strong>, etc.; \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> [doze] \u2013 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e<\/span>,\u00a0<\/strong>\u0434\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0434\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442,<\/strong> etc.<\/p>\n

    So no other consonants, but \u043c \u0431 \u0432 \u043f \u0444<\/strong>, trigger the so-called epenthetic<\/em> \u043b<\/strong>. If you want to remember the word epenthetic<\/em> and its corresponding noun epenthesis<\/em>, referring to a sound that gets inserted inside a word, think of it as the opposite of parenthetic\/parenthesis<\/em>. Parentheses are put outside<\/em> of a word, and an epenthetic letter is put inside <\/em>of a word. The epenthetic \u043b<\/strong> seems to make the \u2013\u044e<\/strong> and \u2013\u0435 <\/strong>sounds easier to pronounce than if they follow \u043c, \u0431 \u0432, \u043f,<\/strong> or \u0444<\/strong> directly, and that is probably how it came to be a regular feature of the language. In some dialects it is not used.<\/p>\n

    Knowing that \u043c<\/strong> can be inter-mutated with \u043c \u0431 \u0432 \u043f \u0444<\/strong> is very useful when looking for connections.<\/p>\n

    So, to look for relationships between unfamiliar looking words in Russian and words that we know in Western European languages, we play around with swapping p, b, v, f and m, and swapping l, r and w. Here is an example: \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    At first sight this doesn\u2019t look like anything we recognise, but mutate the initial \u043c<\/strong> to \u0444<\/strong>, mutate \u0432<\/strong> to \u043c<\/strong>, change to the Latin alphabet, and we get fouramey<\/em>. Get rid of the middle a<\/em>, modify the other vowels slightly, and we have fourmi<\/em>, which is French for \u201cant\u201d (if you don\u2019t know French, you may have heard of formic acid, which is made by ants for chemical warfare). The original proto-European word for ant, whatever it was, must have undergone several mutations over the millennia to end up as modern French fourmi<\/em> and Russian \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    What about the normal English word \u201cant<\/em>\u201d? This is nothing like \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> or fourmi<\/em>, and this is because names were made up for these insects on two occasions, by two different populations already speaking different languages. This is an example of another reason why looking for connections doesn\u2019t always work. \u201cAnt<\/em>\u201d has Germanic roots, and the original word was related to their being biting insects. The ancestor of \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and fourmi<\/em> was derived from the smell of an ant nest. Nevertheless, it turns out that there is a connection between \u00ab<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> and an English word \u2013 it was just that the English word is so specialised that I\u2019d never heard of it. The word is myrmecology<\/em>, meaning the study of ants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

    Do you remember David Roberts of the “Million Scarlet Roses” post? He’s back with more and I mean lots more insight into Russian language. And don’t be fooled by the title of the post. You will learn way more than 10 little words. And that’s just in Part 1. So here it goes… Grammatical gender…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":2313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8,7828],"tags":[1131,13334,1217,1237,1248,60775],"class_list":["post-2312","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-learning-russian","tag-learning-russian-is-fun","tag-russian-cases","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language","tag-slavic-languages"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2312"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6363,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2312\/revisions\/6363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}