{"id":2656,"date":"2012-04-04T08:00:39","date_gmt":"2012-04-04T08:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=2656"},"modified":"2014-07-17T18:01:41","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T18:01:41","slug":"particle-%d0%ba%d0%b0-and-how-to-use-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/particle-%d0%ba%d0%b0-and-how-to-use-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Particle -\u043a\u0430 and How to Use It"},"content":{"rendered":"

As you\u2019ve realized by now, my previous post about the letter \u0401<\/strong> being removed from the alphabet was just \u043f\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u0443<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (April Fool\u2019s spoof). What \u0448\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/strong> (jokes) did you play on your friends this year? What kind of \u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u044b\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0438<\/strong> (pranks) did they try to pull on you?<\/p>\n

This year, one of the spoofs prepared by Russian \u0441\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 <\/strong>\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 <\/strong>\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong> or \u0421\u041c\u0418<\/strong> (media) was about \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/span> <\/strong>\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435<\/span>\u044f, <\/strong>\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f<\/span>\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e <\/strong>\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <\/strong>\u043d\u0435 <\/strong>\u043a\u0442\u043e <\/strong>\u0438\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0439, <\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u043a <\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0442 <\/strong>\u0420\u0424 <\/strong>\u0414\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0432<\/strong> (disappearance of Dorofey<\/a> the cat, whose owner is none other, but the President of the Russian Federation Dmitri Medvedev).<\/p>\n

After reading that this \u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u044b\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448<\/strong> was so successful it even trended on Twitter for a while, I said to myself: \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0439-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044e<\/span>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/span> <\/strong>\u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0435 <\/strong>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438<\/span>\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430 <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 <\/strong>\u043f\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e <\/strong>\u0448\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0443<\/strong> (let me see when was the first time a Russian newspaper printed an April Fool\u2019s joke).<\/p>\n

Turns out, it was way back in 1988, so it wasn\u2019t so much a Russian newspaper as \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f <\/strong>\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430<\/strong> (Soviet newspaper). The paper \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/strong> (Izvestiya) printed an article about Moscow soccer team \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u043a<\/strong> (Spartak) signing a $6-million contract with an Argentinian soccer super-star \u0414\u0438\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u043e <\/strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043d\u0430<\/strong> (Diego Maradona). Apparently, even Associated Press believed this fake news.<\/p>\n

But now that April Fool\u2019s is over, I say \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451<\/span>\u043c\u0441\u044f <\/strong>\u043a <\/strong>\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451<\/span>\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, <\/strong>\u043a <\/strong>\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 <\/strong>\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e <\/strong>\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/strong> (Let\u2019s get back to the serious stuff, to the Russian grammar).<\/p>\n

While I\u2019m pouring myself yet another cup of \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u0447\u0430\u0439<\/strong> (hot tea), \u043d\u0443<\/span>–<\/strong>\u043a\u0430, <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u043a\u0438, <\/strong>\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0433\u0443 <\/strong>\u0438 <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (now then, take out pens, paper and get ready to write things down). Ok, just kidding. Still, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u044d<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u043e\u0442 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439<\/strong> (read this post attentively).<\/p>\n

About \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u0430 -\u043a\u0430 (particle -\u043a\u0430)<\/strong><\/p>\n

What\u2019s do words \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0439-\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435-\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435-\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c-\u043a\u0430<\/strong>, and \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435-\u043a\u0430<\/strong> have in common?<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. They all have the particle –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> appended to them<\/li>\n
  2. They are all verbs<\/li>\n
  3. They all translate the same into English with or without –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> – \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0439<\/strong> and \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0439-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> mean \u201clet\u2019s\u201d, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435<\/strong> and \u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435-<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> mean \u201ctake\u201d, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Let me give you some more examples of verbs with this particle:<\/p>\n

    \u0412\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u044f, <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438<\/span>–<\/strong>\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u043f\u0430<\/span>\u043f\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442 <\/strong>\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/strong>(Vasya, bring Dad the remote control)<\/p>\n

    \u0421\u043b\u0443<\/span>\u0448\u0430\u0439-\u043a\u0430, \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043c<\/strong> (Listen, Petrovich, let\u2019s drink to the beautiful ladies).<\/p>\n

    \u042d\u0439, \u043c\u0430\u044d<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e, \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0439-\u043a\u0430 \u0426\u044b\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443!<\/strong> (Hey, maestro, play Tsiganochka<\/a>!)<\/p>\n

    As you\u2019ve noticed, all the verbs are in \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> (imperative). And that\u2019s really the mystery of it: –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> is appended to the verbs in imperative. But then why use this particle at all?<\/p>\n

    Without this particle, the \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/strong> (imperative) sounds a bit too \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435<\/strong> (commanding). By adding the particle, you soften the request. At the same time, it adds a sense of urgency to your request as in \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>-\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u043d, \u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043c\u0435 \u043d<\/strong>\u0438 \u044f\u0438<\/span>\u0446, \u043d<\/strong>\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/strong> (Go to a store because there are neither eggs nor milk in the house).<\/p>\n

    The only exception to the verbs is the preposition \u043d\u0443<\/strong>. When –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> is added to it, \u043d\u0443<\/span>–<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> becomes even more dependent on context than the \u043d\u0443<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \u0410 \u043d\u0443<\/span>-\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0439-\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043b\u044f\u0441\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>!<\/strong> (Now then, let\u2019s do it, come dance!)<\/p>\n

    \u041d\u0443<\/span>–<\/strong>\u043a\u0430, <\/strong>\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 <\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043e <\/strong>\u0438 <\/strong>\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> (Now then, turn of the stereo and calm down)<\/p>\n

    \u041d\u0443<\/span>-\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0412\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/strong> (Let\u2019s see now what\u2019s with your car)<\/p>\n

    \u041d\u0443<\/span>-\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0451<\/span>\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u044f<\/span>\u043b\u044c!<\/strong> (Now lads, let\u2019s step on it and get this damn grand piano out of here!)<\/p>\n

    Are there any rules regarding when to append and when not to append? Not really. If you want to sound a bit softer, make it a bit more informal, and such then use it. However, if you abuse it, then you will sound too \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong> (too chummy, with undue familiarity).<\/p>\n

    And that\u2019s about all there\u2019s to say about the particle –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong>. Except one thing – particle –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/strong> is not to be confused with the suffix –<\/strong>\u043a\u0430-<\/strong> that helps to form some intransitive verbs, such as \u0442\u044b<\/span>\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to poke), \u0441\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to knock), \u043c\u044f\u0443<\/span>\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to mew), \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to croak, prophesy ill) and such.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

    As you\u2019ve realized by now, my previous post about the letter \u0401 being removed from the alphabet was just \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 (April Fool\u2019s spoof). What \u0448\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438 (jokes) did you play on your friends this year? What kind of \u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0438 (pranks) did they try to pull on you? This year, one of the spoofs prepared by…<\/p>\n

    Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":2657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8,7828],"tags":[117481,13099,117557,1248,1256,1298,117558],"class_list":["post-2656","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","category-russian-for-beginners","tag-beginner-russian","tag-learn-russian","tag-particle-","tag-russian-language","tag-russian-news","tag-russian-words","tag-suffix-"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2656"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6420,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2656\/revisions\/6420"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}