{"id":297,"date":"2009-04-11T03:21:41","date_gmt":"2009-04-11T07:21:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=297"},"modified":"2009-04-11T03:21:41","modified_gmt":"2009-04-11T07:21:41","slug":"russian-cases-%c2%ab%d0%a0%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b6%c2%bb-genitive-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-cases-%c2%ab%d0%a0%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b6%c2%bb-genitive-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Cases: \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u00bb [Genitive] part I"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

I really hope that the problem with the pictures will be solved soon, because it’s as frustrating for me not to be able to show you the pictures as it is for you not to see them! The graffiti on a wall above: \u00ab\u042f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/span> \u0443\u043c\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u00bb <\/strong>[I will die without out] shows that after the preposition \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0437\u00bb<\/strong> [without] the noun is always in genitive case because of the rule we’re going talk about today – genitive in sentences with negation! (If you can’t see the picture, you should use this very same rule in the following way: \u00ab\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0436\u0443 \u0444\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0438!\u00bb<\/strong> [I can’t see the picture!], using genitive form instead of the accusative \u00ab\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0443\u00bb<\/strong>, or why not: \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u043a?\u00bb<\/strong> [why doesn’t the site show the pictures?]).<\/em><\/p>\n

Today we’re going to start our extensive discussion about the thrilling genitive case<\/a> in Russian language – \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb<\/a><\/strong>. Since this case is no \u00ab\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u00bb <\/strong>[nominative case] but a little bit \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [harder], I have decided to make three posts about this exciting case. The first one, today’s post – “part I”<\/em> as I have chosen to call it – contains two basic and essential moments: genitive with possession and genitive in sentences with negation. The first one – possession – will not be too difficult for anyone with a native language belonging to the Indo-European family of languages, since that’s the one case that almost all of those languages have, though it might be the ONLY case that’s remained until this very day (for example, the genitive \u2018s<\/em> in English and Swedish, the two other languages I know fairly well). That’s part I, thus today. In part II we’ll take a closer look at the different prepositions that demand genitive, other than just the ones about negation, and in part III I’ll try and give an \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [roundup] of a few Russian verbs that also command genitive case from nouns paired with them. But before we go any further today, let’s have a look in \u00ab\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u044c \u041c. \u0424\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/a>\u00bb <\/strong>[M. Vasmer’s<\/a> etymologic dictionary] (did you see how I slipped in some genitive right there – smooth, eh?<\/em>):<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436<\/strong> – \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0430 <\/strong>genitivus<\/em>, \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u00bb, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u00ab\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u00bb. (\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u0435\u0449\u0451<\/span> \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043d\u043e<\/span> \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em> \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u043b \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043d \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0441\u043e<\/span>\u043d<\/a>.)\u00bb <\/strong>[Genitive case – it is a loan translation from the Latin word genitivus<\/em>, which means “family; sort; kind; gender; genus; and look; appearance; state; condition; view; kind; sort; form; aspect”, originally “the case that indicates appearance”. (Compare also with the possibility of \u2018family decline’ <\/em>as the old “genitive case” suggested by Roman Jakobson<\/a>.)]<\/p>\n

Let’s have a look at genitive with nouns in sentences about possession. Note that in Russian language the genitive attribute always stands AFTER the noun<\/em><\/strong>. In other words – it’s the complete opposite word order in comparison with English language, for example, something that can be a little tricky at first, but is more than possible to get used to. With time and practise, of course! Here are a couple of sentences to illustrate this grammatical rule:<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u043e\u044d<\/span>\u043c\u0430<\/strong> <\/strong>\u041f\u0443<\/span>\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [A (long) poem by Pushkin; Pushkin’s (long) poem].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043d<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[A novel by Tolstoy; Tolstoy’s novel].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u041b\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Poetry by Lermontov; Lermontov’s poetry].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0411\u0430\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0442<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[A ballet by Tchaikovsky; Tchaikovsky’s ballet].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0430<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0420\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[A painting by Repin; Repin’s painting].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c<\/strong> <\/strong>\u042d\u0439\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0439\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[A movie by Eisenstein; Eisenstein’s movie].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u0440\u044b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u0442\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0438<\/span><\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0413\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Park of Culture and Rest named in the honor of Gorky].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0442<\/strong> <\/strong>\u041b\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Lenin Prospect (there’s one of those in every single Russian and\/or former Soviet city!)<\/em>].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0423<\/span><\/strong>\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong> <\/strong>\u041c\u0430\u044f\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[Mayakovsky Street (also a very common name for a street in Russia)<\/em>].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u043a<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0413\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[\u2018Gagarin’s Side Street’ (now, honestly, I think this name for a \u2018side street’ is impossible logically speaking, considering this country’s enormous respect for the first man in space, though the name is grammatically correct and all)<\/em>].<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Here we have another genitive paired with both a verb and a preposition requiring just this very case: \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u041a\u0430\u043a<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u043e\u0442<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/em><\/strong>?\u00bb <\/em><\/strong>[How to protect oneself from unwanted pregnancy?]. I came across this sign on a information stand in the female section of a Russian hospital, a fact that I think will surprise little to no one…<\/em><\/p>\n

Another rule worth remembering by heart already right now when trying to figure out this case, is that it ALWAYS<\/em><\/strong> affects the noun after the verb \u00ab<\/strong>\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[to be; exist; in present tense it is almost always left out in Russian!<\/em>] when paired up with the negation \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [no; in speech you’ll often hear \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0443<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>, which means the exact same thing<\/em>] and \u00ab<\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [not]. Let’s take a closer look at how this works, shall we not? Note that the verb, when paired with genitive case, is always in second person singular<\/em><\/strong>; both in future and past tenses! In present tense you should only remember the first rule – to leave out the verb entirely and be happy with that. And perhaps feel a little more Russian because of it!<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [I don’t have time].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> [I will not have time].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0423<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> [I didn’t have time] (note how the stress falls only on the \u00ab<\/strong><\/em>\u043d\u0435<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> and not on the verb in this construction!).<\/em><\/p>\n

There are a couple of other verbs that mean pretty much the same thing in Russian; thus they are all about the fact that something is missing, nonexistent, lacking and so on and so forth. They all also need to be followed by the genitive case. Here are a few of them in sentences:<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443<\/span>\u0435\u0442<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[\u2018Perfect people don’t exist’; or more accurately – there are no perfect people].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u0412<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0442\u0435\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/strong>\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0438<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong>\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[In the theater’s ticket office there was not even one ticket left].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u043e\u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e<\/span><\/em>\u00bb <\/strong>[Nothing special happened].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/em> \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u00bb <\/strong>[At the party there wasn’t even one pretty girl].<\/p>\n

The last thing we’re going to have a look at today is called ‘object genitive’<\/em> and is used in sentences with negation of the following kind: (Compare with the \u2018positive’ <\/em>sentences, in which the case to use is accusative!)<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043d\u044f\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0430<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I didn’t understand the question].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f<\/span>\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0441<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I understood the question].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u044b<\/em><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I didn’t see the painting].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u0443<\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I saw the painting].<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043d\u0435<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I didn’t receive the letter] (note that the verb is in imperfect!).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u042f<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u043b<\/strong> <\/strong>\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/span><\/strong>\u00bb <\/strong>[I received the letter] (but now it is in perfect – I guess we’ll have to discuss that rule sooner or later, too!).<\/em><\/p>\n

I hope I’m not boring you all to tears with this heavy load of Russian grammar? I know a few of you might find posts like these useful, whereas others will be shaking their head to and fro in deep boredom, and some will not even read them out of pure fear to face their dread of grammar (I should know – I used to be one of them!)<\/em>. But in the next post we’ll take a break from all of these rules and regulations, and direct our attention to the fact that the month of April has lots and lots of great dates of importance to Russian history – Gagarin becomes the first man in space<\/a>, Mayakovsky commits suicide<\/a> and, of course, who could ever forget? – Lenin’s b’day<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

I really hope that the problem with the pictures will be solved soon, because it’s as frustrating for me not to be able to show you the pictures as it is for you not to see them! The graffiti on a wall above: \u00ab\u042f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0440\u0443\u00bb [I will die without out] shows that after…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3,8],"tags":[1081,1084,1217,1237,1248],"class_list":["post-297","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-language","tag-gagarin-in-space","tag-genitive-case","tag-russian-cases","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}