{"id":3042,"date":"2012-06-15T08:00:35","date_gmt":"2012-06-15T08:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=3042"},"modified":"2012-06-26T03:19:51","modified_gmt":"2012-06-26T03:19:51","slug":"cant-run-away-from-verbs-of-motion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/cant-run-away-from-verbs-of-motion\/","title":{"rendered":"Can’t Run Away from Verbs of Motion"},"content":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fT9DcvfBopg<\/a><\/p>\n

Are you confused by the Russian verbs of motion? When to use which and what verbal aspect to choose? I found that the best way of figuring out the correct usage of verbs of motion is to practice-practice-practice.<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s practice using the pair of verbs \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> and \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, both meaning \u201cto run\u201d. To make it a bit more fun, we\u2019ll read a story called \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0435<\/strong> (Fedora\u2019s Grief). Every Russian child is familiar with this story. It is ever-popular and much beloved tale by the Russian Dr. Seuss, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0439 \u0418\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0427\u0443\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> (Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky)..<\/p>\n

In this story, \u0432\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443<\/span>\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443<\/span>\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/strong> (all the dishes and kitchen utensils) run away from \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u0430\u044f<\/strong> (neglectful), \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/strong> (untidy), and \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u0430\u044f<\/strong> (lazy) Fedora because she \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043e<\/span>\u043c\u0435<\/strong> (never cleans the house). I suppose you can see why Russian parents choose this story to read to their children.<\/p>\n

To find full text of this story, search for \u201c\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u201d<\/strong>. I really like this scan<\/a> of an old paperback, mostly because I once had this very edition of the book. By the way, let me know if an audio of me reading this book would be helpful to you<\/del>. Ok, the video is ready<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

The key point to keep in mind when figuring out whether to choose \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> or \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is whether the motion you are describing is directed or not.<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s read through the story, find all the instances of using these verbs of motion and figure out why they were used in each particular case. Use this conjugation table<\/a> as a handy reference.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430,<\/strong>
\n\u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Here, the \u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430<\/span><\/strong> (poke iron) is said to \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430<\/strong> (ran). Why not use the past tense of \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> – \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/strong> here?<\/p>\n

Because the poke iron runs in the same direction as all the other objects in the story (which is made clear in the first few lines). So when you talk about several objects or, most likely in real life, people, running in one direction<\/span>, you need to use \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u043c<\/strong> – Wrap up your lunch and let\u2019s run to the meeting or we\u2019ll be late.
\n\u0423\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b<\/span> \u0431\u044b<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443<\/span>\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435<\/strong> – Runners were supposed to run along our street.
\n\u0411\u0435\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e<\/span>\u0434\u0430<\/strong>! – Let\u2019s run away from here!<\/p>\n

\u0418 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044e<\/span>\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u044e\u0433\u0443<\/span>:<\/strong>
\n\u201c\u042f \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>,<\/strong>
\n\u0423\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443<\/span>!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

The pot here is using the first person singular present tense form of \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>. Why?<\/p>\n

Just like in the example above, the answer is in the direction of the movement. Pots, pans, knives, etc in the story are all running in the same direction, away from Fedora\u2019s dirty house. Some examples from real life might be:<\/p>\n

\u041e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442 \u0438 \u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438<\/span>\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span><\/strong> – They are running and I am with them.
\n\u041e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442, \u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0438\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u0442<\/strong> – They are running, running, running, running, and it lights up for them. This is a line from an old song about a traffic light. Even though traffic moves in different directions on an intersection, a traffic light always faces (and lights up for) traffic that flows in the same direction.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435<\/span>\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0442…<\/strong><\/p>\n

In this case, the movement in the same direction is explicitly stated since \u201ca tea-kettle is running after the coffee pot\u201d.<\/p>\n

In fact, since every single object in the story runs in the same direction, \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is used extensively here – \u0443\u0442\u044e\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span>\u0442<\/strong> (irons are running), \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/span><\/strong> (and the skillet is running), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438<\/strong> (cats ran).<\/p>\n

\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442<\/strong>
\n\u0418 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442:<\/strong>
\n\u201c\u0423\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044f!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

The big \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0440<\/strong> (samovar) shouts a command to his comrades and uses the plural command form of \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>. Why? Because the command implicitly tells everyone to move in one direction.<\/p>\n

\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0451<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/strong> – Run home and tell your parents that you will be back late.
\n\u0411\u0435\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0448\u044c<\/strong> – Run fast or you\u2019ll be late.<\/p>\n

Interestingly, if you want to tell someone not to run in a particular direction, you would need to use the form of \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> instead:<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0435 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0433 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435<\/span>\u0439\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u043e<\/strong> – Do not run around the pool; it\u2019s slippery here.
\n\u041d\u0435 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u043e<\/strong> – Do not run to the construction site; it\u2019s dangerous there.<\/p>\n

Also, if you are are sending someone on an errand, you use the verb \u0441\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0421\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438<\/span> \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0445\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u0430<\/strong> – Run and buy two loaves of bread<\/p>\n

\u0421\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439-\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong> – Run get cigarette<\/p>\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438<\/span>, \u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u0441\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u044e<\/strong> – Wait, I’ll run and get a key<\/p>\n

Back to the story:
\n\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>
\n\u0421 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u044f<\/span>\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438?<\/strong><\/p>\n

That\u2019s what the cats are asking (rhetorically) the dishes – whether they think they should be running around with birds. Here \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is used because no direction of movement is specified or implied. Here the process of running is emphasized, not the direction of it or its end goal.<\/p>\n

\u042f \u0443\u0436\u0435<\/span> \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/strong> – I\u2019ve been running from one authority to another for a whole month, collecting documents.
\n\u042f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f<\/span> \u0441\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u043c<\/strong> – I\u2019ve started to work out; now I run in the mornings.<\/p>\n

And now it\u2019s your turn:<\/p>\n

Can you explain why the form of \u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is used in these lines:<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span>-\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430<\/span>\u0431\u044b<\/strong>
\n\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0431\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n

And choose the correct verb for these sentences:<\/p>\n

1. \u0415<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e<\/span>\u043d\u0435<\/strong> (If you will run every day, you will be able to participate in a marathon in a couple of months)<\/p>\n

2. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438<\/span>, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443<\/span>, \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\/\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e<\/span><\/strong> (Sorry, I can\u2019t chat, we are going to the movies)<\/p>\n

3. \u041d\u0435 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0439\/\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0441\u0444\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443!<\/strong> (Do not run barefoot on the pavement!)<\/p>\n

4. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b<\/span>\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u043b\/\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b?<\/strong> (What to do to make my ex chase after me once again?)<\/p>\n

5. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0435<\/strong> (Vladimir will run in the next race)<\/p>\n

6. \u042f \u0443\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0443<\/span>\u0445\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\/\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u044b<\/strong> (I saw that cockroaches were running all around the kitchen)<\/p>\n

Before you find out the answers, you can watch this video by a \u201cshow-group\u201d called \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e \u0413\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n