{"id":3150,"date":"2012-06-27T08:05:09","date_gmt":"2012-06-27T08:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=3150"},"modified":"2014-07-17T18:27:41","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T18:27:41","slug":"blood-and-brains-one-more-look-at-anatomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/blood-and-brains-one-more-look-at-anatomy\/","title":{"rendered":"Blood and Brains: One more look at anatomy"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you read the previous posts about Russian terms for human anatomy, you now know some words related to the biological process of eating<\/a>, as well as moving around and reproducing<\/a>. But we haven’t yet covered the most crucial “life-support” functions that keep the body alive — so let’s look at…<\/p>\n

\u041e<\/span>\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/b> (“Organs of blood-circulation and respiration”)
\nThe hardest-working muscle in the body is without doubt the \u0441\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435<\/b><\/span> (“heart”) — \u043e\u043d\u043e<\/span> \u0431\u044c\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e<\/span> \u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0437 \u0432 \u0441\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/b> (“it beats approximately 100,000 times in a 24-hour period”), which adds up to more than \u0434\u0432\u0430<\/span> \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u0434\u0430<\/b> (“2.5 billion”) beats if you live into old age!<\/p>\n

All this pumping drives the process of \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b> through the body’s network of \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u044b<\/b> (“blood-carrying vessels”). The names for the different kinds of blood-vessel hardly need translation: an \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/b> carries \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c<\/b> (“blood”) away from the heart; a \u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0430<\/b> flows towards the heart; and a \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u0440<\/b> is the smallest — sometimes so narrow that \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044f\u043d\u044b<\/span>\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/b> (“blood cells”) have to squeeze through \u0434\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0433 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0433\u043e\u043c<\/b> or \u0433\u0443\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043c<\/b> (both can mean “single file”, but \u0433\u0443\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043c<\/b>, lit. “goose-wise”, is highly informal, and one wouldn’t normally see it in a biology textbook).<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u044c<\/b>, by the way, has several derived adjectives with distinct meanings that should not be confused. For example, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0439<\/b> refers to blood in medical contexts and sometimes corresponds to “hemo-“; \u043a\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/b> is used with kinship terms like \u0442\u0451\u0442\u044f<\/b> (“aunt”) to signify “related genetically, not by marriage”; and \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u044b\u0439<\/b> can mean “bloodstained” or “gory” or simply “oozing the red stuff”, as in “For heaven’s sake, Boris, this is what an American steak is SUPPOSED to look like when it’s cooked PROPERLY!” \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

Of course, the whole purpose of \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b> is to distribute \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0434<\/b> (“oxygen”) and \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/span><\/b> (“nutrients”) throughout the body, while getting rid of \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/span><\/b> (“carbon dioxide”) and \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/b> (“waste products”). And the exchange of O2<\/sub> and CO2<\/sub> between the bloodstream and the \u043b\u0451\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/b> (“lungs”) is the process known as \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b>. \u041c\u044b<\/span> \u0432\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445<\/b> (“we inhale air”) through the mouth or the \u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0438<\/b> (“nostrils”) and it travels down the \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0435<\/span>\u044f<\/b> (“windpipe; trachea”) to each \u043b\u0451\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/b>, where gas-exchange occurs.<\/p>\n

Finally, the activity of the lungs, heart, muscles, and every other part of the body is regulated by the…<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u0430<\/b> (“Nervous system”)<\/p>\n

Different \u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u044b<\/b> (“nerves”) conduct electrical impulses in different directions — some nerves \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f<\/span>\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0435<\/span>\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430<\/b> (“direct the activity of the body”), while others \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u0430<\/b> (“receive sensations from the body”).<\/p>\n

The command-center for the nervous system is, of course, the \u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0433<\/b> (“brain”), though the Russian word has more than one translation. Properly speaking, the “brain” inside one’s \u0447\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043f<\/b> — and particularly the “cerebrum” that we think with — is the \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0433<\/b>, while the “spinal cord” is the \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e<\/span>\u0439 \u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0433<\/b>. And, incidentally, although “bone marrow” has nothing to do with \u043d\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u044b<\/b>, it’s known as \u043a\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0433<\/b> in Russian. (Presumably this usage reflects a pre-scientific misunderstanding — some ancient Greek doctors thought that the brain was for cooling off the blood!)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"Goslings

If you read the previous posts about Russian terms for human anatomy, you now know some words related to the biological process of eating, as well as moving around and reproducing. But we haven’t yet covered the most crucial “life-support” functions that keep the body alive — so let’s look at… \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":3183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[8825,1248,117463,541523,111747],"class_list":["post-3150","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-language","tag-biology","tag-russian-language","tag-russian-medical-terms","tag-science","tag-useful-russian-phrases"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3150"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6462,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3150\/revisions\/6462"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}