{"id":338,"date":"2009-06-21T10:37:19","date_gmt":"2009-06-21T14:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=338"},"modified":"2009-06-21T10:37:19","modified_gmt":"2009-06-21T14:37:19","slug":"russian-cases-%c2%ab%d0%94%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b6%c2%bb-dative","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-cases-%c2%ab%d0%94%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b6%c2%bb-dative\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian Cases: \u00ab\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u00bb [Dative]"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

And where might one find this bold statement made out of red\u00a0metal on red wood pictured above? I found it in an old and forgotten \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443<\/span>\u0440\u044b\u00bb<\/strong> [‘house of culture’] in Krasnoyarsk in July 2005. What does it say, anyway? \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u043c\u00bb<\/strong> [“Peace to the peoples, power to the soviets”] written in old school Russian with the \u00ab\u044a\u00bb<\/strong> [hard sign] at the end of masculine words which was what they did before another important Russian revolution of 1917 – the Orthography Revolution.<\/em><\/p>\n

The Soviet kitsch on the picture above isn’t solely opening today’s post because it is worth sharing with the world, but because it contains two whole constructions with the dative case, and that is – incidentally – what we’re going to discuss today: \u00ab\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435<\/span>\u0436\u00bb<\/strong> [dative case]. In this case the question \u00ab\u0427\u0442\u043e?\u00bb<\/strong> [\u2018what?’] becomes \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u043c\u0443?\u00bb<\/strong> [\u2018what?’] and \u00ab\u041a\u0442\u043e?\u00bb<\/strong> <\/em>[\u2018who?’] turns into \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0443?\u00bb<\/strong> [\u2018who\/whom?’]. Masculine nouns that end on a consonant get an \u00ab\u0443\u00bb<\/strong> added on to the end of the word, which means that the male professions \u00ab\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u00bb<\/strong> [doctor] and \u00ab\u0448\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [miner] become \u00ab\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0443<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> (note how the stress in this word falls on the last vowel!) <\/em>and \u00ab\u0448\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0451<\/span>\u0440\u0443\u00bb<\/strong> in dative case. Masculine nouns that end on the soft sign – \u00ab\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> – receive the same kind of ending, but a soft one in the form of the letter \u00ab\u044e\u00bb<\/strong>. Thus \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [driver] turns into \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u00bb <\/strong>[teacher] to \u00ab\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e\u00bb<\/strong>. Female nouns that end on an \u00ab\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> change that letter into a \u00ab\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>; for example \u00ab\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [teacher] becomes \u00ab\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> [saleslady; salesgirl] turns into \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>. Female nouns that end on \u00ab\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [soft sign] on the end – mostly this is abstract words like \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [possibility; opportunity] and \u00ab\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> [fluid; liquid] – receive their \u2018dative case change’<\/em> in the form of the letter \u00ab\u0438\u00bb<\/strong>. Thus in dative the two words above will look like this: \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb<\/strong> and \u00ab\u0436\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb<\/strong>. And how about \u00ab\u0441\u0440\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u00bb<\/strong> [neuter]? Even though neuter will pretend to be its own grammatical unit, it is only really so in the first nominative case, because that’s when you can see that the neuter words have an \u00ab\u043e\u00bb<\/strong>, like the word \u00ab\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> [lake], or a \u00ab\u0435\u00bb<\/strong>, like in \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> [knowledge], at the end of them – which is, as we all know, the first sign of a word being neuter. But when you start changing these words in different cases you’ll soon come to find out that most of them behave just as if had they been masculine! Both of the words receive letters at the end according to the same rule that goes for masculine nouns. Thus \u00ab\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> becomes \u00ab\u043e<\/span>\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0443\u00bb<\/strong> (because \u00ab\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> is considered a hard vowel) <\/em>and \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> turns into \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb<\/strong> (since \u00ab\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> is a hard vowel).<\/em><\/p>\n

Clearly, we should discuss the ‘sexes’<\/em> of Russian nouns more. I’ll make a note of it and promise to return to it. But for today, let’s go ahead and go through some of the basics concerning the case of the day – dative!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

This is a Russian\/Soviet classic: \u00ab\u041c\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [‘Peace to the world’]. The Russian word \u00ab\u043c\u0438\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> means both peace and world and that’s why you can write tricky sentences like this one. But that’s not why scholars are still discussing what Tolstoy actually meant with the title of his little fictional work \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> [“War & Peace”], but because the old Russian word \u00ab\u043ci\u0440\u00bb<\/strong> used to mean \u2018society’ way back when… <\/em><\/p>\n

The dative case is, as is the general rules with Russian’s six cases, closely linked with a couple of verbs that always demand to be followed by it. For example:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> – [to call]<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u043c\u043d\u0435!\u00bb<\/strong> – [call me!]<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u042f \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span>\u043b \u0434\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443<\/span>\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0442\u00bb <\/strong>– [I’ve been calling my freind all day, but he isn’t answering; lit.: \u2018but he doesn’t pick up the reciever<\/em>].<\/p>\n

Dative is mostly famous for being the case used in IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS. Yes, we have reached the very core of the mysterious Russian language! Let’s have a look at a few ways to express an \u2018impersonal construction’<\/em> using the dative case.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e?\u00bb<\/strong> – [Aren’t you cold?]<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c!\u00bb<\/strong> – [Aren’t you ashamed of yourselves!]<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0418\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u043d – \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u00bb <\/strong>[It doesn’t seem to them that this restaurant is expensive].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0422\u0435\u0431\u0435<\/span> \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e\u00bb<\/strong> – [You don’t need this].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0415\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0445\u043e<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\/\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\/\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> – [He is tired\/hungry\/thirsty].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438<\/span> \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u00bb<\/strong> – [It is time for us to go home].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0415\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0451<\/span>\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> – [She’ll have to retake the driver’s license test].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043a \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u044e!\u00bb<\/strong> – [I don’t know how he succeeded with this!]<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0411\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> – [My brother is feeling ill].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435<\/span> \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f<\/span>\u00bb<\/strong> – [My sister got tired of waiting for me].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443<\/span>, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043a\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u00bb<\/strong> – [Pyotr is probably bored alone in the summer house].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00bb<\/strong> – [Mother has no time].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb<\/strong> – [I’m too lazy to cook and clean].<\/p>\n

The dative case is also used in constructions with numbers expressing AGE:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0421\u043a\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435<\/span> \u043b\u0435\u0442?\u00bb<\/strong> – [How old are you?]<\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/strong>\u041c\u043d\u0435 32 (\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430) \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0430<\/strong>\u00bb<\/strong> – [I’m thirty-two years old].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0411\u0430<\/span>\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u041c\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 88 (\u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u043e<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c) \u043b\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> – [Granny Masha recently turned 88].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443<\/span> \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0435\u0442 12 (\u0434\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e<\/span>\u0439\u00bb<\/strong> – [Pyotr will turn twelve in the winter].<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/span> \u0433\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438<\/span> 500 (\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u043e<\/span>\u0442) \u043b\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/strong> – [My town is almost five hundred years old].<\/p>\n

This is, of course, not everything there is to know about the dative case in Russian language, it’s more of a \u2018brief introduction’<\/em> but I hope that you got the general idea. Dative expresses the indirect object, or an impersonal object in Russian language, and is highly important, because with it one must express almost all Russian emotions! By the way, my finals are over for this year, I got straight A’s and am now officially halfway to a master’s in Russian literature! And what does that mean? That I’ll have more time to blog, of course!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\"\"

And where might one find this bold statement made out of red\u00a0metal on red wood pictured above? I found it in an old and forgotten \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\u00bb [‘house of culture’] in Krasnoyarsk in July 2005. What does it say, anyway? \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u00bb [“Peace to the peoples, power to the soviets”] written in old…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[178,8],"tags":[926,1113,1136,1181,1237,1248,385635,1390,1495,1503],"class_list":["post-338","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-language","tag-dative-case","tag-impersonal-constructions","tag-lev-tolstoy","tag-peace-to-the-world","tag-russian-grammar","tag-russian-language","tag-soviet-union","tag-war-peace","tag-1495","tag-1503"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}