{"id":3527,"date":"2012-08-09T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2012-08-09T08:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=3527"},"modified":"2014-07-17T18:40:33","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T18:40:33","slug":"i-am-in-it-to-win-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/i-am-in-it-to-win-it\/","title":{"rendered":"I Am In It to Win It"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

The Olympic Games are not over yet. There are still a few medals to win. Yesterday was a particularly good day for \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438<\/span>\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u044b<\/strong> (Russian athletes) who won \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/span>\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438<\/strong> (four medals).<\/p>\n

So let\u2019s talk about why \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/span> \u043c\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u0430<\/strong> (athletes from around the world) train so hard; let\u2019s talk about the two Russian verbs \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> and \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, both meaning \u201cto win\u201d.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s start with the imperfective \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>. As you know, imperfective aspect is used to describe an action that is either incomplete, ongoing or repeated. If we are talking about our \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/strong> (habits), we are likely to use imperfective:<\/p>\n

\u041c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043a\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0442<\/strong> \u00a0(We are used to our gymnasts winning)
\n\u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u0431\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043b\u0451<\/span>\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0443-\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043b<\/strong> (The basketball team was sure they were going to continue winning easily up until the semi-finals)
\n\u041d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430<\/span>\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0447\u0435<\/strong> (Our team won every game)
\n\u0421 \u043f\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b<\/span>\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0446 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442<\/strong> (From the very first moments of the race it became apparent that the American swimmer was winning)<\/p>\n

On the other hand, if we are talking about a completed or one-time non-repeating action, we will use the perfective \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f<\/span> \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043a\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0451<\/span>\u0442\u0435, \u0432 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u043d\u0438<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0438<\/strong> (Even though we are used to our gymnasts winning team standings, this time around they did not win).
\n\u0411\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044f<\/span>\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0443-\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0435<\/strong> (The basketball team is confident it will win the semi-finals)
\n\u041d\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0447\u0435<\/strong> (Our team won this game as well)
\n\u0421 \u043f\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b<\/span>\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0446 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442<\/strong> (From the very first moments of the race it became apparent that the American swimmer was going to win it)<\/p>\n

So far so good, right? Well, if we look at the conjugation table for \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c we will immediately see something very curious:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nFuture<\/td>\nPast<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u042f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0422\u044b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041e\u043d, \u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041c\u044b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0412\u044b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u041e\u043d\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0442<\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

First, there is no way to use \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c in present tense. Ok, fine, we have \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> just for that, no big deal. But here\u2019s something else. If you look at the table above, you\u2019ll see that there appears to be no way for Russian athletes to psych up before the competition with some positive thinking along the lines of \u00a0\u201cI will win this race\u201d.<\/p>\n

You might sometimes hear Russians saying \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044e<\/span><\/strong> or \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0443<\/span><\/strong>, but both ways are grammatically incorrect and are used largely in a humorous way as in Vladimir Visotsky\u2019s song<\/a> \u041f\u0440\u043e \u0434\u0438<\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435<\/span>\u043f\u0440\u044f<\/strong> (About a Wild Boar). In the song a kingdom is plagued by a monstrous beas and the king calls to all the men to fight the monster promising, of course, the princess as a reward. Finally, the king finds the man for the job and repeats an offer to him, but hears this in return:<\/p>\n

\u0410 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e<\/span>\u043a: – \u0414\u0430 \u044d<\/span>\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0430?<\/strong>
\n \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b<\/span>\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e<\/span>!<\/strong>
\n \u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u043e –<\/strong>
\n \u0427\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u0443-\u044e<\/span>\u0434\u0443 \u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044e<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The archer says \u201cThat\u2019s some reward.
\nI would rather have a bucket of booze!
\nBy the way, I don\u2019t need your princess either,
\nFight with the monster I don\u2019t plan to lose.<\/p>\n

Turns out, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> is not the only Russian verb that doesn\u2019t form first person singular present or future tense. Other so-called defective verbs include \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to persuade), \u043e\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> (to find yourself in some place), \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to sense), \u0447\u0443\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to act strange), \u0431\u0443\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (kick up a fuss), \u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to pommel), and \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to talk back).<\/p>\n

If you try coming up with first person singular present forms of these verbs, you will soon notice that they sound very similar, sometimes identical, to first person singular present forms of other \u2018non-defective\u201d verbs:<\/p>\n

For example, you might come up with \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0443<\/span><\/strong> from \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> which sounds very much like \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0443<\/span><\/strong>, a form of \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to run away).
\n\u0411\u0443\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> would produce \u0431\u0443\u0436\u0443<\/span><\/strong>, except that it\u00a0is the first person singular present of \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to wake up).<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0443<\/span><\/strong>, as you know, is not a form of \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, but of the verb \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to hold), etc.<\/p>\n

This can get very confusing very fast. So just remember that to use the defective verbs in a first person singular present and future tenses, you need to employ some auxiliary verbs – \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to succeed), \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (be able), \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong> (to want), \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/strong> (to attempt), etc.<\/p>\n

\u042f \u0434\u0443<\/span>\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435<\/span>\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435<\/span> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430\u0445<\/strong> (I think I will win in thumb wrestling)
\n\u041e\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430: \u201c\u042f \u0443\u0432\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e<\/span>\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u201d<\/strong> (She said: \u201cI am confident I will win this Championship).<\/p>\n

An even easier way of handling this situation is to use an imperfective verb instead, if possible.<\/p>\n

Yet another way around it is to use a synonym of the verb \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, as long as it\u2019s not one of the defective verbs. For example, we can use \u00a0\u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c, instead of \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Here are some \u201cwinning\u2019\u2019 phrases from the Russian Olympic Games coverage along with simple sentences illustrating their use:<\/p>\n

\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435<\/span>\u0434\u0443<\/strong> – \u00a0to win a medal, to win
\n\u042f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u044e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c – I will win a medal<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\/\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0438<\/strong> – to become a medalist
\n\u042f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/em> – I will become a medalist<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0432\u044b<\/span>\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> – to win a competition
\n\u042f \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 – I will win a competition<\/em><\/p>\n

\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c<\/strong> – \u00a0to get a medal
\n\u042f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c – I will get a medal<\/em><\/p>\n

\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/strong> – to defeat competition
\n\u042f \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c – I will defeat a competitor<\/em><\/p>\n

And there you have it – a couple of ways of dealing with some unruly Russian verbs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Olympic Games are not over yet. There are still a few medals to win. Yesterday was a particularly good day for \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b (Russian athletes) who won \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 (four medals). So let\u2019s talk about why \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 (athletes from around the world) train so hard; let\u2019s talk about the two…<\/p>\n

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