{"id":4062,"date":"2012-11-06T08:00:59","date_gmt":"2012-11-06T08:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/?p=4062"},"modified":"2014-07-17T19:00:57","modified_gmt":"2014-07-17T19:00:57","slug":"defense-against-the-dark-arts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/defense-against-the-dark-arts\/","title":{"rendered":"Defense Against the Dark Arts!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>[Note: This post was originally written for <a title=\"Russian Halloween \u2013 Reading the School of Horrors\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/russian-halloween-reading-the-school-of-horrors\/\"><b>\u0425\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0438\u043d<\/b><\/a>, but as already mentioned, the arrival of Hurricane Sandy caused some power outages and delays&#8230;]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the <i>Harry Potter<\/i> books, &#8220;Defense against the Dark Arts&#8221; is a mandatory class for Hogwarts students, and in the Russian editions, it was straightforwardly translated as <b>&#8220;\u0417\u0430\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432.&#8221;<\/b> And even though the danger of Halloween has already passed, <b>&#8220;\u0417.\u041e.\u0422.\u0418.&#8221;<\/b> nevertheless seemed like a vitally important topic for a post &#8212; after all, everyone knows that the Mayan calendar ends on 21 December, as realistically portrayed in Roland Emmerich&#8217;s <i>2012<\/i>. And besides that, <b>\u041a\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u043b\u0445\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0443\u0439, <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"NB: \u00ab\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb = ''he'll awaken'' but \u00ab\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0442\u00bb, ''he'll oversleep''! The imperfectives are \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb (''to awake'') and \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\u00bb (''to oversleep'')\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/span> \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u044e \u043c\u0438\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u044b \u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044b<\/span>\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0432\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span><\/b> (&#8220;Cthulhu, perhaps, will wake up any minute to suck out all our brains&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Thus, to quote the Young Pioneers and the U.S. Coast Guard, <b>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span> \u0433\u043e\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432!<\/b> &#8212; <i>Semper paratus!<\/i><\/p>\n<p>So, let&#8217;s look at some verbs that relate to the concepts of &#8220;defense,&#8221; &#8220;protection,&#8221; &#8220;prevention,&#8221; and so forth.<\/p>\n<p>The noun <b>\u0449\u0438\u0442<\/b> is &#8220;a shield,&#8221; and from this derives the already-mentioned <b>\u0437\u0430\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0430<\/b>, as well as the verb <b>\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c(\u0441\u044f)\/\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c(\u0441\u044f)<\/b>, &#8220;to defend (oneself)&#8221; &#8212; and note that the perfective conjugates <b>\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>, \u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0448\u044c&#8230;<\/b>, etc.<\/p>\n<p>There are a number of other important verbs with the same meaning &#8212; for example, <b>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u044c<\/b>, whose perfective conjugates:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\"><b>\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span><br \/>\n\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0451\u0448\u044c<br \/>\n[&#8230;]<br \/>\n\u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span> \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0442<\/b><br \/>\npast: <b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0451\u0433, \u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span> \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>The person or thing you&#8217;re defending against is usually expressed with <b>\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\/\u0447\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span><\/b>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\"><b>\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0439 \u043e\u0442 <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"if you guessed that this word can literally mean ''a smallish pig'', you're correct -- but it's also ''the mumps''\">\u0441\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u043a\u0438<\/span> \u0438 \u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0440\u0438.<\/b><br \/>\nVaccination effectively protects children from mumps and measles.<\/p>\n<p>The unprefixed reflexive verb <b>\u0431\u0435\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/b> can be followed by <b>\u043a\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\/\u0447\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span><\/b> (genitive without a preposition) to express &#8220;beware of&#8221; &#8212; for instance, <b>\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u043e\u0432!<\/b> = &#8220;Beware of hippopotamuses!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>By the way, the most general <i>antonym<\/i> for &#8220;defending&#8221; would be the verb pair <b>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u043d\u0430\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\/\u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span><\/b> (&#8220;to attack someone or something&#8221;). The perfective conjugates just like the root verb <b>\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/b> (&#8220;to fall&#8221;) &#8212; but in case you&#8217;ve forgotten, it&#8217;s:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\"><b>\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span><br \/>\n\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0448\u044c<br \/>\n[&#8230;]<br \/>\n\u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0442<\/b><br \/>\npast: <b>\u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b, \u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span> \u043d\u0430\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u0430&#8230;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>And the noun form is <b>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b> (&#8220;an attack&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>So, what happens if someone (or something) attacks you? Every martial-arts instructor will tell you that the best self-defense is to stay far away from danger in the first place. As the proverb goes in Russian, <b>\u00ab<span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"cf. \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb, ''rabies''\">\u0411<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/span> \u0441\u043e\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043a\u0435, \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043c\u044c <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"one \u00ab\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u00bb is slightly over a kilometer, or about 3\/5 of a mile\">\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0441\u0442<\/span> \u043d\u0435 <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"in the literal concrete sense, ''a hook,'' but colloquially ''a detour''\">\u043a\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044e<\/span>\u043a<\/span>\u00bb<\/b> &#8212; &#8220;For <i>[avoiding]<\/i> a rabid dog, seven versts is not <i>[too big]<\/i> a detour.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>And the second-best plan is always: <b>\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span>\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/b> (&#8220;run away as fast as possible and hide&#8221;) &#8212; which is all the more important if your attacker is <b>\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0448<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/b> (&#8220;magical and immortal&#8221;)!<\/p>\n<p>But if running isn&#8217;t an option? In that case, you&#8217;d better be prepared to <b>\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/b> &#8212; &#8220;to deflect the attack&#8221;. For instance, <b>\u0411\u043e\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0446 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043b \u0443\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0440 \u043d\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0439<\/b> (&#8220;the wrestler blocked a kick&#8221;). And if this verb-pair seems vaguely familiar, you may already know it with the meaning &#8220;to reflect (light)&#8221; &#8212; as in,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\"><b>\u0417\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u044f \u0446\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u0435\u0442 <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"a great example of \u00ab\u043d\u0430-\u00bb + \u00ab-\u0441\u044f\u00bb giving the meaning ''to do until satiated'' -- Note that \u00ab(\u043f\u043e)\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb means ''to gaze with pleasure'', not ''to love''\">\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/span> \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435.<\/b><br \/>\nThe evil queen can&#8217;t get enough of looking at her reflection in the mirror.<\/p>\n<p>As we say in English, &#8220;An ounce of prevention, etc.&#8221; And the verb pair <b>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u044c<\/b> means &#8220;to prevent&#8221; when the direct object is some sort of thing (<b>\u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c<\/b>), but when the direct object is a person (<b>\u043a\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c<\/b>), it means &#8220;to warn, to caution&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, <b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u042f<\/span> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u044e \u0432\u0430\u043c\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/b> would translate &#8220;I&#8217;m warning the vampires&#8221; &#8212; perhaps advising the poor creatures <b>\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0448\u0435\u0439 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0433\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u044e \u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/b> (&#8220;that on our street, there&#8217;s a factory where they manufacture wooden stakes, holy water, and rosaries.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>So to express the idea of &#8220;preventing vampires,&#8221; you could say something like:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 20px;\"><b>\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043c\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u043e\u0432!<\/b><br \/>\n&#8220;It&#8217;s essential to take preventative measures against vampires!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Of course, the sentence above would seldom be heard in Russia, because as students of folklore know, <b>\u0432\u0430\u043c\u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span> \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e- \u0438 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span>\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span>\u0445<\/b> (&#8220;Vampires are mostly encountered in West- or South-Slavic regions&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>But although not traditionally a headquarters for vampires, <b>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"In re the verb \u00ab\u043a\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u044c\u00bb (''to swarm''), note that \u00ab\u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443\u00bb and \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb both mean ''There are cockroaches all over the sofa''\">\u043a\u0438\u0448<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/b> (&#8220;Russia is a-crawlin&#8217; with unclean supernatural beings&#8221;) &#8212; some of them presenting definite safety hazards. Therefore, <b>\u0411<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0434\u044c(\u0442\u0435) <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"the noun \u00ab\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430\u00bb is a ''linchpin'' -- i.e., a small component that, if broken or lost, could cause the whole thing to fail -- and also ''a hand-grenade pin''\">\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span><\/span>!<\/b> &#8212; &#8220;Be ever-vigilant!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s consider a few of Russia&#8217;s magical hazards with the verbs we&#8217;ve discussed:<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">Q:<\/span> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u0439-\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439?<\/b> (&#8220;How do you protect a child from Swan-Geese?&#8221;)<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: red;\">A:<\/span><\/b> The enchanted Swan-Geese are widespread pests in Russia, notorious as <b>\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0439<\/b> (&#8220;kidnappers of children&#8221;). In fact, they&#8217;re such an omnipresent danger that in 1949, the Soviet government produced this classroom safety documentary, using animation to educate children about the Swan-Goose menace:<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">Q:<\/span> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0441\u0435\u0439-\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u044b \u0443\u043d\u043e\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u043b\u0438 \u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0451\u043d\u043a\u0430?<\/b> (&#8220;How can one attract Swan-Geese, in order to get rid of an obnoxious child?&#8221;)<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: red;\">A:<\/span> \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span> \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u0430 \u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u043a\u043e.<\/b> (&#8220;Nobody knows, and that&#8217;s a great pity.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">Q:<\/span> \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0447<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0434<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0445\u043e\u0432?<\/b> (&#8220;How do you protect yourself against demons, devils, and similar unclean spirits?&#8221;)<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: red;\">A:<\/span><\/b> There&#8217;s a familiar expression: \u00ab<i>[\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c\/\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\/\u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>]<\/i>, <b>\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0451\u0440\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/b>\u00bb &#8212; &#8220;[to avoid someone\/something], as the devil runs from incense.&#8221; Thus, burning patchouli should keep most demons away. (WARNING: May attract hippies.)<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">Q:<\/span> \u0410 \u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span> \u0432 \u0441\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u0430\u0435, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0441\u0430 \u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043a?<\/b> (&#8220;But what if the demon has a head-cold?&#8221;)<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: red;\">A:<\/span><\/b> Obviously, in such cases, <b>\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/b> (&#8220;using incense won&#8217;t work&#8221;). But one method never fails: <b>\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0433 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span> \u043f\u043e \u043f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043b\u0443<\/b> (&#8220;draw a circle with chalk around oneself on the floor&#8221;). Since chalk is mostly <b>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442 \u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/b> (CaCO<sub>3<\/sub>), we can logically assume that demons have some sort of calcium-allergy &#8212; but for whatever reason, <b>\u0447\u0451\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span> \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b\u043e\u043c<\/b> (&#8220;the devil can&#8217;t cross a line drawn with chalk&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">Q:<\/span> \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u044f<\/span> \u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u041c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0433 \u0444\u043b\u043e\u043c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c?<\/b> (&#8220;I&#8217;m out of chalk. Can one draw the protective circle with a magic-marker?&#8221;)<br \/>\n<b><span style=\"color: red;\">A:<\/span> \u041a\u043e\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/b> &#8212; that would be silly! But you might try calcium-enriched antacids.<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"color: red;\">\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0410<\/span>\u041d\u0418\u0415:<\/span><\/b> Chalk circles are useless against the demon called <b>\u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0439\u00bb<\/b> &#8212; he has <b>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span><\/b> (&#8220;all-seeing eyes&#8221;) that can penetrate magical barriers. However, it&#8217;s known that &#8220;Viy&#8221; has <b>\u043e\u0433\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span>\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043a\u0438<\/b> (&#8220;huge eyelids&#8221;), and <b>\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u043e<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: yellow; border-bottom: 1px dotted lime; border-right: 1px dotted lime;\" title=\"''eyelashes'' -- but in Ukrainian, an ''eyelash'' is \u00ab\u0432\u0456\u044f\u00bb, from which the demon's name \u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0439\u00bb derives!\">\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0446\u044b<\/span> \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span> \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span><\/b> (&#8220;his eyelashes hang down almost to the ground&#8221;). Therefore, I would hazard a guess that you might be able to kill the demon using <b>\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0443<\/span>\u0448\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0446<\/b> (&#8220;mascara&#8221;), <b>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0438<\/span>\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0435<\/span>\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/b> (&#8220;that has been consecrated ahead of time by a Russian Orthodox priest&#8221;). <b>\u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0430<\/span>\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435!<\/b> &#8212; &#8220;try it yourself, you&#8217;ll find out!&#8221;<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 300px; margin-left: 50px;\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<img width=\"350\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2012\/11\/FHTAGN-350x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2012\/11\/FHTAGN-350x288.jpg 350w, https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2012\/11\/FHTAGN.jpg 446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p>[Note: This post was originally written for \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0443\u0438\u043d, but as already mentioned, the arrival of Hurricane Sandy caused some power outages and delays&#8230;] In the Harry Potter books, &#8220;Defense against the Dark Arts&#8221; is a mandatory class for Hogwarts students, and in the Russian editions, it was straightforwardly translated as &#8220;\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432.&#8221; And&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"post-item__readmore\"><a class=\"btn btn--md\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/defense-against-the-dark-arts\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":4074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":""},"categories":[3,8,913],"tags":[253051,252998,1268,1290,253050],"class_list":["post-4062","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-language","category-traditions","tag-magical-creatures","tag-russian-folklore","tag-russian-proverbs","tag-russian-verbs","tag-self-defense"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4062"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6528,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4062\/revisions\/6528"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.transparent.com\/russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}